Impaka zari zishyushye hagati y’ Umuyahudi n’Umugatulika kuri Bibiliya na Talmud

Hari mu gihe abanyamateka bita Igihe Rwagati (Middle –Age). Abantu bazi amateka y’u Burayi bazi ko kiriya gihe cyaranzwe n’intambara z’abanyamisaraba (Les Croisades), Urukiko rwa Kiliziya Gatolika rwahanaga abo bitaga abahakanyi (héretiques) uru rukiko rukaba rwaritwaga ‘Inquisition’ hamwe n’iyicarubozo ryakorerwaga ababaga bahamijwe ibyaha n’urwo rukiko.

Muri iki gihe ariko ni naho habaye impaka zikomeye zizwi mu mateka hagati y’Umuyahudi w’intiti yitwaga Ben Moises Nahman uzwi nka Nahmanide hamwe n’umupadiri w’Umudominikani w’Umuyahudi waje kubivamo witwaga Pablo Christiani.

Urebye igice kinini kigize kiriya gihe bita Igihe Rwagati kihariwe n’ubutegetsi n’ijambo rikomeye rya Kiliziya Gatulika, ikaba yaremezaga ko ariyo ifite ukuri mu by’idini.

Ku rundi ruhande, Abayahudi na bo bemezaga ko nta muntu n’umwe uyobewe ko aribo batoranyijwe n’Imana, ko aribo bwoko bwayo yitoranyirije.

Kubera ko Kiliziya yari yarananiwe guhindura Abayahudi ngo bareke imyemerere yabo, babe ‘Abakirisitu’, rimwe na rimwe yakoreshaga imbaraga, bamwe bakicwa batwikiwe ku biti.

Hari abanyamateka bemeza ko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe ‘hari aho Kiliziya yangaga Abayahudi’.

Kimwe mu bihugu Abayahudi babagaho bigengesereye ni Espagne yo mu Kinyejana cya 12 kugeza mu 13 nyuma ya Yesu Kristu.

Kubera uku kwigengesera, bamwe babyungukiyemo bahabwa inshingano muri Leta no mu zindi nzego zikomeye mu bwami. Icyo gihe Espagne yategekwaga n’Umwami Jacques I d’Aragon.

Kiliziya Gatulika imaze kubona ko bigoranye kubuza Abayahudi kwemera ibyo bemera, yateguye ibiganiro mpaka byari bubere ibwami kugira ngo Abahayudi nibatsindwa Umwami azahite abaca burundu kandi bikwire no mu Burayi bwose.

Ikindi cyari kigamijwe kwari ugutesha agaciro Igitabo Gitagatifu cy’idini ry’Abayahudi cyitwa Talmud binyuze mu kwerekana ko cyuzuyemo ibinyoma bityo abantu bakakizinukwa.

Icyari giteye impungenge ku Bayahudi muri ziriya mpaka ni uko batari bubashe gusobanura neza uko babona ibintu kubera gutinya kugirirwa nabi n’abo bari bahanganye mu bitekerezo.

Kuri iyi ngingo Umwami Jacques I yabwiye Nahmanide ko rwose ari buvuge yisanzuye agasobanura uko yumva ibintu nta nkomyi.

Kiliziya Gatulika yahisemo uwitwaga Pablo Christiani wahoze ari Umuyahudi no mu idini ariko akaza ‘kugwa.’

Bari bizeye ko mu kumuhitamo byari bubafashe gutsinda kuko yari asanzwe azi Talmud kandi akaba yari azi na Bibiliya.

Abayahudi bo bahisemo umusaza Nahmanide wari waratangiye kwiga Bibiliya na Talmud akiri muto kuko ngo afite imyaka 30 yari yaramaze kwandika inyandiko ndende ivuga kuri Talmud.

Kuba yari umwigisha umaze igihe (Rabbi) byatumaga yubahwa mu bandi Bayahudi bo muri Espagne no ku gace ka Catalogne by’umwihariko.

Kubera ukuntu yubahwaga mu baturage, Umwami Jacques I yamugishaga inama mu bintu runaka bireba Leta.

Ibiganiro nyirizina

Impaka zabereye mu ngoro y’ibwami kuva ku italiki ya 20,23, 26, na 27 Nyakanga, 1263 kandi buri gihe Umwami yabaga ahari.

Hari kandi abandi bahanga n’abanyedini batandukanye baje kumva uko buri ruhande rwisobanura.

Batangiriye ku ngingo yo kumenya niba ukwemera ari ikintu abantu bagomba kujyaho impaka, ‘abadominikani bahagarariwe na Pablo bakemeza ko nta mpamvu yo kukujyaho impaka kuko bizwi neza ko Yesu yari Umwana w’Imana wigize umuntu’.

Ku ruhande rwe, Nahmanide yatangiye agira ati: “Bantu b’Imana muri aha, muzi neza ko Abayahudi n’Abakuru ba Kiliziya bagiye bajya impaka ku nyigisho z’ukwemera mu gihe kirekire ndetse no ku migenzo runaka idafite ikintu namba ihuriyeho n’ukwemera nyako, gusa njye ndashaka ko tuganira ku kintu cy’ingenzi ibi byose bishingiyeho aricyo kumenya niba Yesu ari Imana cyangwa Umuntu ndetse no kumenya niba Messiya yaraje cyangwa ataraza.”

Ashingiye ku bika (paragraphs) bya Talmud, Pablo Christiani yavuze ko Messia yamaze kuza ariko kuri iyi ngingo Nahmanide amusubiza ko bibaye aribyo ba Rabbi bazi neza Talmud kurusha Pablo baba bemera ko Yesu yari Messiya.

Aho kugira ngo Nahmanide akoreshe imirongo ya Talmud na Bibiliya akenshi iba igoye guhita umuntu ayumva, yahisemo gukoresha ubuhanga bwe mu gusobanura uko abona ibintu ariko yirinda gutandukira ingingo nyamukuru.

Pablo mu bumenyi bwe kuri Talmud na Bibiliya yakomeje gutanga imirongo myinshi ishyigikira ibyo yemera ariko igoye abantu guhita bayumva kuko batari intiti muri biriya bitabo byombi.

Nahmanide yagezaho aboneraho no kwereka abari aho zimwe mu mpamvu Abayahudi batayoboka Kiliziya Gatolika harimo ko yishoraga mu bikorwa by’iyicarubozo ubusanzwe Bibiliya itemera.

Kuri we ngo kuba Bibiliya ivuga ko ‘abantu batazongera kwiga kurwana no gucura intwaro kandi Kiliziya ikaba yarateraga inkunga ingabo n’ubutegetsi bwicaga abatavuga rumwe na yo ngo ni ibintu Umuyahudi atagombaga kwitabira kandi na Bibiliya ubwayo itemeraga’- [Yesaya 2:4].

Ikinyamakuru cyitwa La Tour de Garde cyo muri Mata, 1997 kivuga ko nyuma y’ikiganiro mpaka cyabaye ku nshuro ya kane, Umwami Jacques I d’Aragon yahagurutse akavuga ati: “Sindabona umuntu ubasha guhagarara ku byo yemera mu buryo buboneye kandi ashize amanga nka Nahmanide.”

Umwami yategetse ko uyu mukambwe atafungwa, hanyuma amuha amadinari 300 (amafaranga yakoreshwaga muri kiriya gihe) yo kumuhemba, undi arataha.

Nyuma ariko uyu musaza ntibyamuhiriye kuko yaje gucibwa muri Espagne azizwa ko ngo yatutse Kiliziya bityo n’Abayahudi batangira gutotezwa.

Gutotezwa kw’Abayahudi mu Burayi kwatangiye kera kugeza kuri Jenoside yabakorewe muri 1935-1945 ubwo bicwagamo abagera kuri miliyoni umunani.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW