Uko Africa iba ingarani y’imyenda yambawe i Burayi ikongera kugurishwa nka Caguwa

Caguwa ni imyenda Abanyaburayi batagishaka imbere y’inzu zabo, itangwa n’abayiharurutswe kugira ngo ihabwe abuntu bayikeneye, ikazanwa muri Afurika, igacuruzwa yiswe ko ari indi myenda mishya, uko niko Afurika yahindutse ingarani y’ibyashaje bitagikenewe i Burayi (L’Afrique, poubelle de l’Europe!).

Hari umubare munini w’abatuye ku mugabane w’Uburayi batanga imyenda yabo buri munsi batazi ko ikurwamo za miliyoni ku mugabane wa Afurika, benshi bambara umwambaro uyu munsi batazi ko Abazungu bazaba batakiyambara, batazi ko izakiza benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika no mu bindi bihugu bikennye.

Nta gitangaza kirimo hagize Umuzungu uvuye i Burayi agasanga nambaye umupira wahoze ari uwe kera. Uyu munsi Abanyaburayi ntibazi neza umuntu ukura iwabo miliyoni na miliyoni za toni z’imyenda batanga nk’ifashanyo ku mwaka.

Igitangaje ni uko iyi myenda igurishwa Abanyafurika bahinga ipamba ryinshi rikorwamo imyenda. Ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika bifata ibi nk’ugusuzugurika, niyo mpavu ibihugu bimwe harimo n’u Rwanda byatangiye kureba uko hazahagarikwa iyinjizwa ry’imyenda ya caguwa muri ibyo bihugu.

Iyo uhagaze mu mihanda mu bihugu by’i Burayi, usanga aho barunda imyanda, huzuye imifuka y’imyenda abaturage baba batanze ngo izafashishwe abatishoboye, nyamara si uko bigenda ahubwo abiyikusanya barayigurisha bakunguka amafaranga menshi.

Iyi  myenda ivahe? Ni nde ugenzura ubu bucuruzi?

Buri gitondo abaturage batonda umurongo bazanye imyenda yo gufashisha abatishoboye mu bihugu bikennye. Bayitangira ku buntu, nyamara banyiri kuyakira, bayizana muri Afrika bayicuruza aho usanga bambika Abanyafurika imyenda yambawe n’Abazungu (Caguwa).

Agnes Lourda umutegarugori utuye mu gihugu cy’U Bufaransa avuga ko imyenda yohereza, atayohereza ku baturanyi, ko ahubwo ayohereza mu bihugu bikennye ngo izafashe abatishoboye.

Ati “Mbikora buri gihe, kandi kuri njye  ni ibintu bisanzwe kuko hari abatishoboye bayikeneye.”

Abafaransa bagera kuri miliyoni 20, imyenda yabo ngo bayishyira muri konteneri (Container) ngo izafashishwe abatishoboye.

Mu mwaka  wa 2013 mu Bufaransa, toni 200 000  z’imyenda zakusanyijwe ngo zizanywe muri Africa zigenewe abakene.

Relais, ni kampani y’Abafaransa ishinzwe gukusanya imyenda iba yaratanzwe n’abaturage bo muri icyo gihugu, imaze imyaka irenga 30 ikora ako kazi.

Buri gitondo bakusanya imyenda yambawe n’abandi igera kuri konteneri 20 dore ko akenshi buri ku wa mbere ni wo munsi mwiza cyane,  niwo munsi babonaho imyenda myinshi bitewe n’uko  muri week-end abaturage babona umwanya  kugira ngo batange imyenda.

Kampani ya Relais buri gitondo bakusanya imyenda igera kuri toni eshatu. Buri mwaka iyi kampani ikusanya toni zigera ku 100 000 z’imyenda ivuye mu baturage.

Iyo igeze mu ruganda bahitamo imyenda mizima bakurikije  ubwoko bw’umwenda, bakayitondekanya, ipantalo, ijipo, ikanzu, ikabutura n’ibindi mbere yo kugurisha kandi nta mwenda n’umwe uba warakusanyijwe ugenewe kuzatangwa ku buntu kuko Kampani ya Relais ntabwo ari umushinga wo gufasha abatishoboye ahubwo ni kampani y’ubucuruzi.

Pierre du Ponchel  umuyobozi wa Relais  buri munsi araza we  ubwe agasura uburyo uruganda rwe rukora. Avuga ko imyenda ikiri mizima n’igezweho igurishwa kuva ku  ma Euro 2 kugeza ku ma Euro 4  mu maduka y’iyi sosiyete mu bihugu by’Uburayi, indi isigaye bayigemura muri Afurika.

Yagize ati “Mu ruganda rwanjye imyenda iba ipanzwe bitewe n’aho igiye kujya, cyane cyane mu bihugu bya Afurika.”

Pierre du Ponchel avuga ko 30% by’imyenda ihabwa uruganda rwe rwa Relasi iba ishaje naho kuva mu mwaka wa 2007  kugeza 2013 igiciro cy’imyenda mishya cyarazamutse aho toni imwe igera ku ma Euro 3000.

Mu 2013 igishoro cye cyari miliyoni 180  y’ama euro ariko ubu yarikubye mu myaka itanu.  Uyu muyobzi  ntabwo aba ashaka kwerekana inyungu abifitemo ahubwo aba ashaka kwerekana uburyo afasha abaturage mu kubaha akazi.

Nyuma yo kugaragara ko bi bintu birimo amafaranga, n’izindi kampani zahise zitangira gushyira hanze za konteneri ngo abaturage babahe imyenda ishaje ngo na bo bazajye gufasha abatishoboye, bityo bisanga bari guhangana na kamapani ya Relais imaze imyaka myinshi iri muri ako gakino ko gukusanya imyenda itangwa n’abaturage.

Ubu mu Bufaransa konteneri zo gukusanya imyenda zimaze kugera ku 28 000 mu mihanda.

Muri Tracebourg mu Bubiligi, buri cyumweru za konteneri nshya ziba zateye mu mihanda zisabira abatishoboye imyenda yo kwambara nyamara ari ubucuruzi bwihishe inyuma.

Christian Dessart umuyobozi wa sosiyete yitwa Terre avuga ko ama konteneri aba apanzwe mu mihanda yanditsweho ngo “Association d’aide  aux enfants attaints  de leucemie”.

Iyo abaturage  babibonye gutyo bakorwa ku mitima, ukabasunika koko ko bafasha nyamara ntabwo ari imishinga yo gufasha abatishoboye ahubwo ni ama sosiyete y’ubucuruzi bw’imyenda yambawe iyi twita Caguwa.

Ati “Uyu munsi haramutse haje umubyeyi ushaka gutanga impano, mu by’ukuri nzamubwira ngo ntagire icyo atanga kuko ni ukubeshya.”

Christian Dessart avuga ko ikibabaje ari uko hari benshi (Kompani)  bitwaza  amazina y’imiryango  mu gufasha imbabare nka Restos du Coeur, Croix rouge, na Secours Catholique , nyamara uperereje ngo ntabwo ari  uko bimeze.

Hiri imiryango izwiho gufasha abababaye yemera gukodesha cyangwa gutiza amazina yabo kuko babwirwa ko bakusanya imyenda iba yarajugunywe mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, ayo mazina usanga yaranditswe mu ma koneteri apanzemo ku mihanda.

Mu bufaransa hari umuryango w’abagiraneza uzwi cyane ku Isi nka Restorant  du Coeur, bagemura isanduku  irimo ibiryo mu bashonji mu Bufaransa, buri munsi bagaburira abantu 6000 bababaye, abantu barabakunda.

Ku ma konteneri y’imyenda haba handitsweho ko ari Restos du Coeur, arimo n’ibirango n’amagambo ahamagarira abantu kugira umutima utabara.

Abantu bazi uyu muryango ntibashobora kujijinganya, babona uyu muryango usabiriza imyenda yo gufasha ababaye.

Abayobora uyu muryango baterwa ipfunwe no kuba baremeye ko izina ry’uyu muryango rikoreshwa muri ubu buryo kandi bizwi neza ko iyi myenda igurishwa nyuma yo kubisaba bigurishwa hirya no hino mu Isi.

Buri mwaka Tuniziya igura toni 100 000, z’imyenda Abafaransa bambaye bakayigurisha. Imyenda igezwa muri Afurika irimo myinshi yashaje cyane, yacitse ku buryo itacyambarwa, maze ikajugunywa, aho ijugunywa haba hari umwanda mwinshi.

Ku cyambu cyo muri Tuniziya, haba hari imisozi myinshi y’imyenda imeze nk’ingarani, ni ahantu hajugunywa imyenda y’Abanyaburayi.

Minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba mu Rwanda  Amb.Valentine Rwabiza yavuze ko ibihugu byo muri Afurika bihinga ipamba, ariko 80% by’iryo pamba bijya hanze mu bihugu by’i Burayi. Ngo ntabwo barikoresha mu bihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ngo bakore imyanda, ryiyongere agaciro.

Ati “Aho tujyana ipamba bakora imyenda barangiza bakabigurisha mu bihugu bitandukanye, hari imyenda mishya, iyo myenda yamara gukoreshwa, batakiyikeneye bakabishyira hamwe, bakongera bakabyohereza mu bihugu byacu aho ipamba rituruka.”

Rugwabiza yibaza ikibazo cy’uko Caguwa itagurishwa aho ngaho? Caguwa igurishwa abaturage bafata nk’aho bari mu kiciro cya kabiri mu mibibereho (abatishoboye).”

Mu mwaka wa 1 800 Abanyaburayi bari bakolonije Abanyafurika, bazanaga imyenda bashajishije Abanyafurika babakoreraga mu mirima ndetse no mu yindi mirimo y’Ubukoloni.

Nyuma imiryango ifasha abababaye idaharanira inyungu yatangiye kujya ikusanya iyo myenda kugira ngo iyihe abakene cyane atari muri afurika, gusa ahubwo n’abandi bari babayeho nabi mu Burayi.

Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, ubushobozi bw’Abanyaburayi bwo kwigurira imyenda bwariyongereye maze ibiciro by’imyenda biragabanuka.

Imiryango ifasha abatishoboye yarekeye aho kujya isaba imyenda ku baturage ngo ihabwe abakene, ahubwo batangira kujya bagurisha iyo myenda kugira ngo bongerere ingufu imishinga yabo.

Mu 1980 habayeho ukwishyira ukizana mu gice cy’amajyepfo y’Isi mu gihe igice cya ruguru igiciro cyarushijeho kumanuka, Abanyafurika bagura imyenda ituruka i Burayi bahise biyongera.

Muri ibi bihugu bya Africa bakunda imyenda ya Caguwa kuko ngo ari umwenda ukomeye wakozwe n’uruganda rufite ubushobozi buhagije.

Hari ibihugu bimwe bigaragaza ko caguwa yacika, kuko ibihugu byo muri Aziya bakora imyenda mishya itarambawe, ndetse no muri Cameroon hari inganda z’ibyo bihugu zikora imyenda mishya.

Mu bindi bihugu nka Mozambique n’u Rwanda umwenda mwiza ngo ni caguwa, naho iya mangaze (magasin) ntihabwa agaciro kandi ari yo itarambawe.

Abaturage muri Afurika nta wundi mwenda bigeze bamenya uretse Caguwa aho bavuga ko ari imyenda ikomeye kandi ihendutse.

Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda Francois Kanimba, avuga ko ubudozi ari kimwe mu bitanga akazi kenshi mu mahanga, ariko ugasanga muri Africa ariho abantu bacyambara imyenda n’intweto byakoreshejwe (Sekeni, Caguwa).

Ibyo ngo bibuza urubyiruko kubona amahirwe y’akazi, akagaragaza ko sekeni izacibwa mu buryo bitazateza ingaruka mbi.

Source: France 2, Le business caché du don de vêtements

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