Kuki umutungo kamere wa Africa utadukiza ubukene?

Afurika niwo mugabane w’Isi ukungahaye ku mutungo kamere kurusha indi, amabuye menshi y’agaciro, amashyamba y’ibiti by’agaciro, ubutaka buhingwa bukera neza, peteroli, gaze n’ibindi, ibi ntibibujije ariko kuba ariwo mugabane urangwamo ubukene, inzara n’intambara ndetse ibi by’agaciro Africa ifite usanga bijyanwa mu nganda ku yindi migabane bikaba aribo bikiza Afurika yo igakomeza gukena cyane. Hakenewe impinduka? Hakorwa iki ngo uyu mutungo kamere uteze imbere Abanyafurika mbere y’abandi? Perezida Ali Bongo n’inzobere mu bukungu Denyse Akayezu hari icyo babivugaho.

Iyi ni imwe mu ngingo zaganiriweho cyane mu nama iruta izindi ya Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere (BAD) iheruka kubera mu Rwanda.

Kuri iki kibazo Perezida wa Gabon kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bifite umutungo kamere mwinshi, Ali Bongo Ondimba yavuze ko impamvu bikimeze gutya ari uko usanga umutungo kamere mwinshi akamaro kawo no kumenya aho uri byaramenyekanye bigaragajwe n’abakoloni, bakajya babifata babijyana iwabo mu gihe ba nyirabyo batari bazi akamaro kabyo, bituma Abanyafurika bibaguma mu mutwe ko ari uko bigomba kugenda.

Uyu munsi abanyafrika barahumutse bazi akamaro k’umutungo kamere wabo, Ali Bongo ariko asanga igihe kigeze ngo ibintu bihinduke umutungo kamere w’Afurika uteze imbere ibihugu bya Afurika n’Abanyafurika ho kujya gukiza abandi.

Ali Bongo yavuze ko ibihugu bya Afurika bigomba gushyira imbaraga cyane mu gushinga inganda zitunganya umutungo kamere w’Afurika hanyuma ababikeneye bakajya baza kubigura bitunganyije aho kugirango abazungu baze batware ubutare bwacu ku giciro gito cyane bagarure imodoka bakozemo bazicuruza za miliyoni.

Aha ariko Ali Bongo akaba yaranasabye abandi bayobozi b’ibihugu gushyira imbaraga mu gutegura abakiri bato kugira ngo izo nganda zitabura abakozi.

Ibi bitekerezo bya Ali Bongo ntibitandukanye n’ibya Denyse Akayezu, impuguke muby’ubukungu, akaba n’umushakashatsi mu mibare n’ibipimo by’ubukungu waganiriye n’Umuseke.

Akayezu avuga ko mu bisanzwe n’ubundi umutungo kamere wa Afurika ufatiye runini ubukungu bw’ibihugu bya Afurika kuko usanga ariho bikura amadovize menshi.

By’umwihariko u Rwanda ku mabuye macye rufite n’ibikomoka ku butaka buhingwa nk’ikawa, ibireti, icyayi n’ibindi.

Gusa ngo kimwe mu bibazo ibihugu bya Afurika byohereza mu mahanga umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku mutungo kamere nk’ubuhinzi bihura nacyo, ni uko byohereza ibintu ariko ntibibe aribyo bishyiraho igiciro kuko bijya kubanza gucishwa mu nganda bikabona kujya ku isoko, ababinyujije mu nganda ari nabo akenshi babiha igiciro.

Mu gukemura iki kibazo, Denyse Akayezu yunga murya Ali Bongo, Perezida wa Gabon ko Ibihugu bya Afurika bigomba gushinga inganda zabyo zongerera agaciro ibikomoka ku mutungo kamere wabyo, ibyakozwe n’izi nganda bikaba aribyo byoherezwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga ari ibicuruzwa bitunganyijwe neza 100%.

Inganda zavahe ibihugu byafurika bigitunzwe n’impano?

Akayezu avuga ko uburyo bwonyine bwizewe kandi bushobokera ibihugu bya Afurika ari uko byakwishyira hamwe mu miryango y’ubukungu (regional integrations) bihuriyeho bigashinga inganda bihereye ku byo bifuza gutunganya n’umutungo kamere bafite.

Ati “Ku rwego rw’ibihugu byagorana kuba wakora uruganda rukomeye, ariko nk’ubu mu muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba babyumvikanye bashinga uruganda kuko ibihugu bihuje ubushobozi ntibyabananira.”

Akayezu ariko asanga gushinga uruganda ubwabyo cyangwa kwohereza hanze ibyo rukora bidashobora guteza imbere umugabane cyangwa igihugu byonyine ahubwo amafaranga ava muri wa mutungo kamere ngo Leta zikwiye kujya ziyakoresha mu guteza imbere ibindi byiciro (sector) by’ubukungu nk’inganda na servisi kugira ngo nabyo bizamuke kuko igihugu kidashobora kuzamurwa n’icyiciro (sector) kimwe.

Akayezu kandi avuga ko ayo mafaranga avuye mu mutongo kamere agomba gukoreshwa mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo kandi Leta zikayifashisha mu kuzamura ubushobozi n’imibereho by’abaturage kugira ngo habeho impinduka mu bukungu (transformation économique) zijyanye n’imihindukire y’imibereho y’abaturage.

Kimwe n’izindi mpuguke mu by’ubukungu na Politiki zitandukanye zari mu nama ya BAD  i Kigali zemeje ko ibyo Abanyafurika bifuza bidashobora kugerwaho ibihugu byose bidafite imiyoborere myiza n’umutekano.

Kuri iyi ngingoAkayezu ati “Umutungo kamere cyane cyane amabuye y’agaciro na peterorli nawo ni umugaragu mwiza ariko ni n’umutware mubi. Kugira ngo ukoreshwe neza, n’inyungu zawo zisaranganywe neza bisaba ko haba hariho imiyoborere myiza. Nibura mu Rwanda nta kibazo kuko ibipimo by’imiyoborere mu Rwanda ari byiza.”

Umutungo kamere isoko y’intambara aho kuba isoko y’iterambere

Africa ntabwo yakabaye ikennye uko imeze uku ugereranyije n’uko ubutaka bwayo bukize, intambara zavuzwe muri Sierra Leone y’ubutaka bukungahaye bivugwa ko zaterwaga n’abashaka gusahura Diamant y’iki gihugu. Impinduka zabaye muri Libya bivugwa ko zateguwe n’amahanga yashakaga kugira akaboko kuri petrol y’iki gihugu.

Intandaro y’intambara muri Centre Africa ntabwo ari abasilamu n’abakilistu bari gutemena uyu munsi, bivugwa ko ari amasezerano yo gucukura petrol n’ibirombe bya zahabu yari yahawe Ubushinwa abo mu burengerazuba bigijweyo.

Intandaro yo kuba ibihugu nka Botswana ababituye badakize uko bikwiye ahubwo bazahajwe n’icyorezo cya SIDA ni uko diyama yiganje cyane muri iki gihugu icukurwa cyane n’Ubwongereza na Amerika Leta ikabeshwaho n’amadorari ihabwa ku giciro kidakiza iki gihugu n’abagituye.

Intandaro y’intambara zidashira, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ubucuruzi butemewe bumaze ikinyejana hafi mu gihugu gituranyi cya Congo ni uko gikungahaye mu mutungo kamere n’ubu utarashira mu butaka, nyamara ubukene bunuma muri rubanda.

Intandaro yo kuba Africa ikennye ikaba ahanini imiyoborere yamunzwe na ruswa, imyumvire y’abatuye uyu mugabane, akarengane ku baturage, guhora mu kwaha kw’amahanga ngo afite imbunda n’imbaraga bikomeye n’ibindi.

Umutungo kamere wa Africa ufitiye akamaro kanini abaherwe duhora dusoma ku rutonde rwa Forbes hamwe n’ibihugu byabo n’ababituye kuko Africa itabashije kuwubyaza umusaruro no gushyira hamwe ngo iwurinde.

Mu gihe muri Africa barira ubushomeri buteye inkeke, amabuye y’agaciro, ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk’ibireti, ikawa, icyayi, coton n’ibindi iyo byoherejwe muri Asia, America cyangwa Uburayi biragenda bikajya mu nganda zaho, abatuye iyo migabane bakabona akazi ariko n’amafaranga baba baratanze babigura tuyabasubiza tugura ibyo bayakozemo, amasaha ahenze, imikufi ya diyama na zahabu, imodoka zihenze, zatelefone n’ibindi usanga Abanyafrika banagura kurusha rimwe na rimwe ababikoze.

Nk’uko Ali Bongo, Dr Akayezu n’izindi nzobere zabigarutseho mu gihe ibihugu Afurika bishyize hamwe bigashinga inganda zabyo byatanga imirimo bya bihugu bikaza kugura bya bicuruzwa by’ibiribwa, ibinyobwa, imiti, ibikoresho byo mu ngo, imirimbo ihenze, amamodoka n’ibindi n’ibindi byose bikorwa mu mutungo kamere udatunganyije uvanwa muri Afurika utugarukira uhenze cyane.

Gaze, Nyiramugengeri cyangwa izindi ngufu kamere bishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda, bigatuma igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa kirushaho kugabanuka n’Abanyafurika bakarushaho gukoresha ibyabo kuko biba biri ku giciro kibabereye. Ntabwo icyo Afurika ibuze ari abahanga bo kubikora icyo ibuze ni ugushyira hamwe.

Umubane wa Afurika, ni uwa kabiri ku Isi utuwe cyane, n’abaturage basaga Miliyari imwe ariko uracyafite ikibazo cy’ubuhahirane kubera ibikorwa remezo nk’imihanda bidahagije.

Nyamara ibikoresho byose bikora imihanda nta na kimwe kivanwa i Burayi. Kuri iyi ngingo Perezida Ali Bongo ubwo yari ari i Kigali yavuze ko ikibura ari ubushake kuko Abanyafurika ubwabo babishatse bahuza ubushobozi bafite bakiyubakira imihanda n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bibahuza byatuma bahahirana.

Buri wese ku rwego rwe harageze ngo atange umusanzu kugira ngo Afurika ibe umugabane ba nyirawo bishimiye guturaho aho kurota gutura i Burayi na Amerika.

Impuruza yo kwigira kwa Africa yatewe kuva cyera, bamwe nka Kapiteni Thomas Noel Sankara baranayizira bagambaniwe n’inshuti zabo magara. Abandi nka Col Mouammar Khadaffi nta gihe batasabye Afurika guhuza imbaraga kugeza bisanze bonyine.

Uyu munsi ukurikije ibitekerezo byatangiwe mu nama nkuru ya BAD i Kigali, ubushake burahari mu magambo, ariko se mu ngiro ni ryari?

Ntabwo bireba Perezida gusa, aho guhungira ubukene muri Amerika na Burayi, buri wese ku rwego rwe kubaka Afurika idukwiriye biramureba, harageze ngo duhangane n’ibibazo dufite aho kubihunga no gushaka abidukiza.

Vénuste Kamanzi
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