Inyanja y’Umunyu ifite amazi umuntu aryamamo akareremba aho kurohama

Iyi nyanja iherereye mu gace abahanga bavuga ko ariko kari hasi (low point on earth) kurusha ahandi ku Isi. Ni inyanja ifite amazi arimo umunyu uri ku gipimo cyo hejuru (34.2%) ku buryo amazi atemerera abantu bayarimo kwibira ndetse bamwe bajyamo gusoma ibinyamakuru bayaryamyemo.

Nubwo hari izindi nyanja zirimo umunyu mwinshi kurushaho, urugero nk’ikiyaga cya Vanda (kiba muri Antarctica, 35%), ikiyaga cya Assal muri Djibouti, Lagoon Garabogazköl mu nyanja ya Caspienne (35%) hamwe n’ibindi bibaya byuzuyemo umunyu byitwa McMurdo Dry Valleys byo muri Antarctica bifite 44%, inyanja y’umunyu niyo nini mu buso kandi irusha amateka ibindi bice byose umunyu ubonekamo.

Kubera urugero rw’umunyu nta nyamaswa nyinshi ziba muri iriya nyanja kereka izibasha kuwihanganira.

Uyu munyu ariko ngo uvura abantu bawuryamamo mu gihe runaka n’abahumetse ‘umwuka urimo akunyu’ barwaye indwara z’ubuhumekero nka asima bagakira.

Inyanja y’umunyu cyangwa se abandi bita Inyanja y’Urupfu ifite umunyu uruta inshuro icyenda umunyu usanzwe uba mu mazi y’inyanja zisanzwe.

Ariya mazi ngo iyo uyanyoye wumva ameze nk’amavuta y’imbuto za Olive avanze n’umucanga. Ni ahantu ba mukerarugendo bakunda cyane cyane abatuye mu bihugu bituranye n’iyi nyanja nka Israel na Jordania.

Abakurikiranira hafi iby’ikirere cy’Isi bemeza ko iriya nyanja ibafatiye runini mu gupima uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera ku Isi kuko habarirwa mu hantu hashyuha cyane ku Isi kandi atari mu butayu nka Sahara, Kalahari (Namibia) n’ahandi.

Kugeza ubu ariko ‘iyi Nyanya y’Urupfu ngo iri kurushaho gupfa’ kubera ko umunyu ukomeza kwiyongera mu mazi kandi nayo agatutumba agana mu kirere (evaporation) bityo inyanja igakama.

Ubutaka bugize inkengero z’iyi nyanja bukomeje kuyitemberamo bityo bigatuma amazi akama buhoro buhoro.

BBC yemeza ko abahanga basanze ku mwaka hari metero kibe eshatu z’ubutaka zitembera muri ariya mazi asanzwe ari make bitewe na ba mukerarugendo, imiyaga ikomeye n’ibindi.

Mu mpande z’Inyanja y’Umunyu ikunzwe kwitwa iy’rupfu hari imisozi iyikikije ariko itari miremire cyane. Kuba ikuzimu kw’iyi nyanja atari kure cyane (ahegereye inkombe) bituma za nyiramubande ziba nyinshi kubera uko imisozi ihakikije iteye.

Ubwiza nyaburanga bwa kariya gace ngo buzwi guhera kera kuko n’Umwamikazi wa Misiri Cleopatra yahakuraga imirimbo yamufashaga kongera ubwiza ndetse n’Umwami wa Roma witwaga Helodi yajyagayo kuharuhukira mu nzu yari yarubatse hafi aho.

Ubwo Abaroma bigaruriraga igice cy’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati (Middle-East), bashyizeho gahunda yo gucungira hafi inzira yacaga hafi y’iriya nyanja kuko yari ikize ku munyu wagurishwaga mu bice byose bategekaga.

Mwibuke ko muri kiriya gihe umunyu wafatwaga nk’igikoresho cy’ibanze mu bucuruzi, mbese nk’uko bimeze ku mafaranga muri iki gihe.

Kubera ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku Isi, ubu amazi yarakamye ku rugero runini ku buryo abacuruza hafi y’amazi ibyo abakerarugendo bakenera, babihamya ko amazi yagabanutse cyane.

Nir Vanger yagize ati: “Ubwo nari mfite imyaka 18 amazi yari menshi ariko urebye muri iki gihe wagira ngo hashize imyaka 500 cyangwa 800, ubu yigiye kure ho ibilometero bibiri.”

Umwe mu bahanga mu miterere y’ubutaka (geologist) asaobanura ko kimwe mu bituma iriya nyanja ikama ari uko umugezi uyigaburira wa Yorudaniya (Jordan River) uyisukamo ku ruhande rumwe ariko urundi ntirubashe kuyisukamo bitewe n’aho ugenda uca, bityo amazi yo mu Nyanja ntabone uko yiyongera.

Amazi yo muri Yorodaniya ngo ajya anyuzamo akiyongera kubera imvura nke igwa mu itumba ariko ntatinda gukama kuko adatemba neza.

Uyu mugezi wa Yorudani niwo Bibiliya ivuga ko Yesu yabatirijwemo akaba Mesiya (mu Giheburayo) cyangwa Kristo (mu Kilatini) ni ukuvuga “Uwasiizwe’.

Igice cy’Amajyaruguru ya Jordania kimanuka kigana mu nyanja ya Galilaya naho igice cyo mu majyepfo cyo kikagana mu Nyanja y’Umunyu.

Israel yo yagize amahirwe yo kugira amazi menshi y’umugezi wa Jordania kubera ko yafashe amazi iyobya igice kimwe cya Yorudaniya bigatuma ibona amazi ava mu gice cya Galilee cy’uyu mugezi.

Israel yatangiye gukura amazi muri Yorodaniya guhera muri 1950 ibi byatumye abahinzi ba Jordania na Palestine (aba baba mu gace ka West Bank) babura amazi yo kuhiza imyaka yabo mu buryo buhagije.

Nubwo igihugu cya Israel gikize ku buryo kibasha guha abaturage bacyo amazi, ariko kugabanyuka kw’amazi ya Yorodani bigira ingaruka ku musaruro wacyo bitewe n’uko hari umugezi uva muri Syria ujya uyigaburira.

Uyu mugezi witwa Yarmouk amazi yawo amaze kugomerwa inshuro 40 Syria ishaka ko amazi ya Israel aba make kubera ibibazo ibihugu byombi byahoze bifitanye na n’ubu bitarakemuka.

Abaturage bamwe bo muri Jordania bavuga ko Syiria yafashe umwanzuro wo guhagarika amazi ajya muri Yorodani kuko yashakaga kuyihana (Syria ihana Jordania) kubera amasezerano yo kubana amahoro no gufatanya basinye muri 1994.

Hari abavuga ko gukumira amazi y’uriya mugezi, Syria yabikoze ishaka ko n’abaturage bayo babona amazi ahagije aho kugira ngo akomeze yigire muri Israel na Jordania

Kubera ubuke bw’amazi aba mu Gace k’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, usanga buri gihugu gifata amazi ari mu migezi icyegereye kikayagomera bityo bigateza umwuka mubi hagati yacyo n’ibyo baturanye.

Ibihugu bya Turukiya, Syria, Jordania, Israel, Misiri na Iraq byose byagiye bigemera amazi yabyo binyuze mu kubaka ibinogo binini (dams).

Ikibazo cy’amazi make ari muri kariya gace k’Isi kizazambya ibintu, cyane ko hasanzwe hari n’ibibazo by’umutekano muke ushingiye ku mateka y’imiturire n’imibanire mpuzamahanga yaharanze guhera mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu Kristu.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW