Ni ibihuha ntabwo Ebola yageze mu Rwanda – MINISANTE

Updated 3.00PM – Icyorezo cya Ebola gikomeje gutera inkeke umugabane wa Africa nyuma y’uko kuva mu kwezi kwa gatatu uyu mwaka yaboneka muri Guinea ubu abantu 932 bamaze kwicwa n’iyi ndwara mu bantu 1711 ubu bamaze kwandura (OMS). Kuri uyu wa 07 Kanama hari ibihuha byakwiriye mu bantu biciye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ko iki cyorezo cyaba cyageze mu Rwanda. Ibi Ministeri y’ubuzima yabihakanye ivuga ko ari ibihuha kuko nta murwayi cyangwa ugaragaza ibimenyetso bya Ebola uragaragara mu Rwanda.

Ministeri y’ubuzima ku gicamunsi cyo kuri uyu wa 07 Kanama yasohoye itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rivuga ko indwara ya Ebola itaragera mu Rwanda.

Umwe mu bakozi b’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuzima, yabwiye Umuseke ko amakuru nk’aya aba agamije guca igikuba mu gihugu abantu baba bakwiye kwitondera kuyakwirakwiza mu gihe nta rwego rubishinzwe rurayemeza. Avuga ko nta ‘case’ ya Ebola iraboneka mu Rwanda kugeza ubu.

Muri iri tangazo Ministeri y’ubuzima iravuga ko iyi ndwara ya Ebola iramutse ibonetse mu Rwanda abanyarwanda babimenyeshwa.

Mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’iki cyorezo Ministeri y’ubuzima iravuga ko hashyizweho ingamba z’ubukangurambaga mu bagenzi bambukiranya imipaka, abagendera mu ndege, abakozi ku kibuga cy’indege n’abo ku mipaka, kwigisha no gushishikariza abaturage kwirinda, ibimenyetso byayo n’uburyo yandura.

Ministeri y’ubuzima ivuga ko yashyizeho ingamba zo guhangana n’iyi ndwara zirimo ibikoresho nkenerwa ndetse n’abakozi bahuguwe biteguye kwita ku wabonekaho iyi ndwara wese muri buri karere mu gihugu.

Menya icyorezo cya Ebola:

Kuva iyi ndwara yamenyekana ahagana mu 1976, ubu mu 2014 nibwo iri kwica no kwandura muri benshi kurusha igihe cyose gishize. Guinee, Nigeria, USA, Arabia Saoudite, Sierra Leone aha hose imaze kuhagaragara cyangwa kuhica umuntu. Liberia yo ubu yatangaje ko igihugu kinjiye mu bihe bidasanzwe kubera iyi ndwara. Nubwo ikiri kure y’u Rwanda ariko uburyo yandura n’uburyo yica biteye inkeke no kwitegura birakwiye.

Ministeri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda iherutse gutangaza ko yiteguye guhangana n’iki cyorezo mu gihe cyaba kigeze mu Rwanda. Ko ibikoresho n’abakozi babihuguriwe bateguwe. Iyi ndwara nta na rimwe biremezwa ko yegeze mu Rwanda, nubwo yigeze kuvugwa muri Uganda na Congo bituranye n’u Rwanda.

Ebola ni icyorezo giterwa na Virus yitwa Ebola. Ibimenyetso byayo bitangira kugaragara ku muntu hagati y’iminsi ibiri n’ibyumewru bibiri nyuma yo kwandura. Guhinda umuriro, kubabara mu muhogo, kubabara ingingo, kubabara umutwe, isesemi, kuruka, guhitwa bikurikirwa no kudakora kw’umwijima n’impyiko bihita bitera kuva amaraso menshi ahari umwenge hose ku mubiri, ibi ni ibimenyetso by’uwanduye utangiye kurwara Ebola.

Iyi ndwara yandura igihe amaraso cyangwa amatembabuzi ayo ariyo yose ava ku mubiri (icyunzwe, amarira, ibyuya…) by’uwanduye bihuye n’iby’utanduye. Inyamaswa zanduye, cyane cyane nk’inkende n’ibisa nayo ndetse n’uducurama byanduza cyane iyi ndwara nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa Wikipedia.

Ibivugwa ko iyi ndara ishobora kwandurira mu mwuka ntabwo biremezwa. Gusa ikizwi ni uko uducurama two dushobora kwanduza iyi ndwara ariko yo ntigira icyo idukoraho nubwo twaba tuyifite.

Iyo umuntu umwe yanduye birashoboka cyane kwanduza abandi aho ari.

Mu kuyivura, icyo bakorera umurwayi bwa mbere ni ukumushyira mu kato, kumusuzuma no kubanza kumuvura indwara zigira ibimenyetso nk’ibya Ebola harimo nka; Malaria, Cholera n’izindi. Iyo amaze kuvurwa ibi hakurikiraho gufasha urwaye iyi ndwara kugirango umubiri we ntushiremo amazi n’amaraso, amahirwe yo gukira aba ahari.

Mu kwirinda iyi ndwara harimo; kwirinda cyane inyamaswa nk’inkende n’ingurube ko bikora ku bantu. Ibi ngo bikorwa hasuzumwa neza izi nyamaswa niba zitaranduye, basanga zaranduye zikicwa zikajugunywa mu byobo byabugenewe. Inyamaswa cyangwa umubiri w’umuntu wanduye wapfuye nawo uririndwa cyane kuko ushobora kwanduza.

Mu kwirinda kandi abarya inyama basabwa kuziteka neza, gukaraba neza intoki kwambara uturinda ntoki, ndetse no kwirinda gukorakora imyenda cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora kuba birimo amatembabuzi y’undi muntu.

Ibi byose bigakorwa mu gace gakekwamo umuntu cyangwa inyamaswa yanduye.

Nta muti w’iyi ndwara kugeza ubu uraboneka, abarwaye bafashwa gusa bahabwa amazi arimo umunyu n’isukari cyangwa bagaterwa za serumu.

Iyi ndwara yica mu buryo buri hejuru kuko hagati 50% na 90% by’abanduye ibica.

Bwa mbere iyi ndwara yagaragaye muri Sudan na Congo Kinshsasa, ni ahagana mu 1976. Kuva icyo gihe mu mwaka abantu batigeze barenga 1 000 baranduraga.

Gusa ubu mu 2014 nibwo iki cyorezo kimonogoje kurusha indi myaka yose, abantu 1 711 nibo babarwa ko banduye mu bihugu bya Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia na Nigeria.

Abahanga bakomeje kugerageza gushaka urukingo rw’iyi ndwara, ariko ntiruraboneka.

Yigeze kwitwa Zaire Virus

Ebola ni ikiboneka yabanje kwitwa Zaire Virus, nyuma abahanga basanga ikomoka ku zindi virus enye za ziswe;
Bundibugyo virus (BDBV)
Ebola virus (EBOV)
Sudan virus (SUDV)
Taï Forest virus (TAFV).

Uburyo iki cyorezo gikwirakwira ntabwo burasobanuka bwose neza. Ikizwi ni uko guhura (gukoranaho) kw’uwanduye n’utanduye hakabaho guhura kw’amaraso cyangwa amatembabuzi (secretions) byanduza.

Uwanduye abuzwa cyane kugendagenda, ndetse umurambo w’uwanduye ntugomba gukorwaho kuko abaganga bavuga ko nawo ushobora kwanduza, bityo ushyinguranwa ubwitonzi, abaganga batambaye ibyangombwa byose bibarinda kwandura nabo barandura. Ndetse ubu babiri muri iyi minsi ishize bamaze kwitaba Imana.

Kwandurira mu mwuka ntabwo biremezwa neza kugeza ubu, gusa gusa igipimo cy’umwuka cya 0.8 kugera kuri 1.2 micrometre ngo gishobora gufatwa nk’agatonyanga gashobora kwanduza. Abahanga bavumbuye mu minsi ishize ko zimwe muri ziriya virus zatanga na Ebola zishobora kuva mu mwuka w’ingurube zikagera ku biremwa bimeze nk’abantu (primates).

Gukunda inyama kw’abantu nibyo byabazaniye Ebola

Abahanga bavuga ko Ebola ari indwara y’inyamaswa zo mu mashyamba (forets equatoriales), ubuhigi no kurya inyama z’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’uducurama niho bikekwa ko Ebola yavuze iza mu bantu.

Inyoni zitandukanye zo mu bwoko bw’uducurama kugeza ubu nizo zivugwaho kuba ikigega cy’iyi virus ya Ebola. Uducurama ngo nitwo twambere twabonetsweho iyi ndwara ahagana mu 1976 basanga kandi nitwo twanduje izindi nyamaswa zimeze n’abantu, inyamaswa zororwa n’abantu kugera no ku bantu aho iyi ndwara ihita yihuta cyane.

Mu isuzuma ryakorewe ku ducurama basanze two dushobora kwibanira na Virus ya Ebola nta nkomyi. Mu 2002 – 2003 basuzumye ibisimba 1 030 harimo uducurama 679 two muri Gabon na Congo basanze 13 muri utu ducurama twibanira na Ebola nyuma bayisanga no mu tundi twinshi mu bindi bihugu.

Hagati ya 1976 na 1998  ibisimba 30 000 birimo ibikururanda, inyoni zitandukanye n’ibindi by’amoko atandukanye byasuzumwe mu mashyamba yo muri Africa yo hagati basanze bimwe na bimwe bifite ibimenyetso byo kugira virus ya Ebola, nko mu nkende, za makaku, ibitera, nabyo ngo biba isoko yo kwanduza abantu.

Ubusanzwe kwanduzanya hagati y’inyamaswa n’abantu ntibiba kenshi, ariko iki cyorezo iyo kigeze mu bantu kirihuta cyane gukwirakwira.

Mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Africa y’iburengerazuba, harimo n’aho iyi ndwara iri kuvugwa ubu, uducurama n’ibindi bisimba bikekwaho mu byibanira na Ebola biraribwa cyane, aho babyotsa cyangwa bakabitekamo inyama bisanzwe bakanywa n’amasosi. Kwandura muri bene ubu buryo ngo biroroshye cyane.

Vènuste KAMANZI
UM– USEKE.RW