UBUSHAKASHATSI bwagaragaje ko uburezi bw’amashuri y’imyuga burimo ibibazo bikomeye

*Ni amashuri Leta yashyizweho imbaraga, aratangira ariko gutanga umusaruro ngo biracyari ibibazo

Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara n’impuzama-syndicat y’abakozi n’abari muzabukuru “COTRAF” kuri uyu wa kane, bwagaragaje ko igitekerezo cya Guverinoma cyo gushishikariza abantu kwiga amashuri y’imyuga ari cyiza, gusa ngo ubu imbogamizi ni ubumenyi bucye bahakura, bitewe n’uburyo baba barazamutse, uburyo batoranywa, ibikoresho bicye, imyigishirize n’abarimu badafite ubumenyi n’ibindi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Dr Claudien Ntahomvukiye, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ishami ry’uburezi n’umu-consultant Jean Theogene Bihezane, bwakozwe muri uyu mwaka.

Mu kubukora habajijwe abarangije mu mashuri y’imyuga ya ‘IPRC, TSS na VTC’ bagera kuri 321, muri bo 37.1% barangije muri IPRC, n’abakoresha abarangije muri ariya mashuri 24. Bwakorewe muri Gasabo, Kicukiro, Nyarugenge, Bugesera na Rwamagana.

Dr Claudien Ntahomvukiye agaragaza ubu bushakashatsi yavuze ko icyo abenshi bahurijeho ari uko gahunda yo gukangurira abanyarwanda kugana amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro ari nziza, ariko ngo hakaba ikibazo cy’ubushobozi bucye kubasohoka muri ayo mashuri, ari nabyo ngo bituma hakiri Abagande, Abanye-congo, Abanya-Kenya n’abandi benshi bari mu mirimo y’imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwarebaga niba ibyo abana biga bihuje n’ubumenyi isoko rikeneye, bureba niba abakoresha bishimira ubumenyi bw’abana barangije mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro bakoresha, ndetse bunareba niba abanyeshuri banyurwa n’ubumenyi bahabwa bakurikije ubumenyi bukenewe ku isoko ry’ubumenyi ngiro.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ubwitabire bw’abakobwa bitabira kwiga ubumenyingiro bakiri bacye kuko ari 31.1%, mu gihe abahungu ari 68.9%.

Bwagaragaje ko mu barangije mu mashuri y’imyuga bafite imirimo, ngo 60.8% bari mu mijyi, mu gihe 39.2% bakora mu byaro.

Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwagaragaje ko mubarangije mu mashuri y’ubumenyingiro n’imyuga 21% bize ikoranabuhanga (ICT), 18.1% bize ubwubatsi, 10.5% biga ububaji, 9.5% biga ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi, 7.6% bize gukora imisatsi no kurimbisha abantu, 6.7% biga ubkanishi, 6.5% biga ubudozi, n’ibindi.

Mu bize mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro usanga ngo bakururwa n’uko baba barabwiwe ko harimo imirimo, 56.1% ngo bakuruwe n’ubwiza bw’umwuga bagiye kwiga, 43.9% ngo bakuruwe n’uko hari abantu bakunda bize ibyo baba bagiye kwiga, naho 41.1% bon go bakuruwe n’uko ngo uwize imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro  ahita abona akazi.

Gusa, abenshi ngo baje gusanga baribeshye kuko ngo abagera kuri 81.9% batemeranywa n’abavuga ko urangije mu mashuri y’imyuga ahita abona akazi, kuko ngo kubera kutagira inararibonye, imirimo micye n’ubumenyi bucye butajyanye n’ibyo isoko rikeneye bituma hari abatinda kubona imirimo.

Ubu bushakashatsi butagaragaza ikigero cy’abarangiza bagahita babona imirimo n’ingano y’abayibuze mu basoje amasomo y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro, bugaragaza ko mu barangije bafite imirimo, 41.9% bakora mu nzego z’abikorera, 21% bagakorera Leta, 17.1% bakorera imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta (NGO), naho 16.2% gusa bakaba aribo bihangira imirimo nyamara ahanini aricyo aya mashuri yashyiriweho.

Dr Claudien Ntahomvukiye avuga ko impamvu batihangira imirimo ari benshi ngo ni ukubera ubumenyi bakura mu mashuri, ariko cyane cyane ubushobozi bw’amafaranga baba badafite kuko na Banki idapfa kuguriza umwana ukiva mu ishuri.

Ahandi hagaragara ikibazo ni mu gutanga imirimo ku bize imyuga n’ubumenyingiro kuko ngo 50.5% gusa aribo usanga bahawe imirimo bakoze ibizamini by’akazi, abandi ngo binjira mu mirimo kubera ko hari mwenewabo cyangwa inshuti yamuzanye (24.8%), n’ubundi buryo.

Ikindi kibazo ngo gikomereye abarangije mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro, ni umushahara muto, kuko ngo hakorwa ubu bushakashatsi basanze abenshi bahembwa hagati y’ibihumbi 50 n’ijana. Abagera kuri 25.8% gusa ngo nibo bahembwa munsi y’ibihumbi 50%, naho abahembwa hagati y’ibihumbi 400 na 500 ni 3.1% kandi nabo biganjemo abarimu akenshi bo muri za IPRC.

Abagera kandi kuri 70.9% ngo bagaragaje ko banejejwe n’akazi kabo kubera ko bakora ibyo bize (57.9%), ku rundi ruhande ariko nanone ngo ntibashimishwa n’umushahara muto, kuba batazigamirwa izabukuru n’ibindi bijyanye n’ejo hazaza habo.

Ibi ari nabyo bituma 80.2% by’ababajijwe bavuga ko bishimira ibyo bize ndetse ngo basubiye ku ishuri nibyo bakwiga ariko ngo abenshi ntibasubira aho bize kubera ibikoresho bicye, amasaha macye ahabwa amasomongiro, ubwinshi mu mashuri, abarimu badashoboye n’ibindi byatumye bakura mu ishuri ubumenyi bucye.

Gasore Seraphin, umuyobozi wungirije wa COTRAF yateye inkunga ubu bushakashatsi yavuze ko ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza neza isura y’uburezi bw’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro.

Ati “Ubu bushakashatsi buzadufasha ni ukugira ngo hatagira abantu batekereza ko bakwakira gusa amafaranga y’abana bashaka ubumenyingiro kubera ko bababwiye ko aribyo bitanga akazi kandi badafite ibyangombwa bihagije kugira ngo bahe ubumenyi buhagije abana babagana, kugira ngo nibagera ku isoko ry’umurimo babone akazi gakwiranye n’ibyo bize kandi bashobore kubikora neza.”

Nyuma y’uko ubu bushakahsti bumuritwe, Gasore yavuze ko COTRAF igiye kwegera Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (WDA) na Minisiteri y’uburezi kugira ngo bajye bakurikirana ibigo bamenye niba imfashanyigisho yashyizweho yubahirizwa kimwe hose mu Rwanda, ndetse niba n’ibigo bifite ibyangombwa byo kwigishirizaho abana.

Abarimu bari bitabiriye imurikwa ry’ubu bushakashatsi bagaragaje ikibazo cy’abana bakira barapfuye mu iterura bikabagora kubigisha imyuga, gusa nabo banengwa ubushobozi bucye bituma abana bigishije basohoka bafite ubumenyi bucye mubyo bize n’indimi butatuma bahangana ku isoko ry’akarere cyangwa ngo batange umusaruro wifuzwa ku isoko ry’u Rwanda.

Mu mwaka ushize, WDA yagaragaza ko imibare y’abarangije amasomo mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro hagati ya 2011-2015 na barenga ibihumbi 70.

Vénuste KAMANZI
UM– USEKE.RW