Turengere Ozone naho ubundi turatema ishami twicayeho!!

Kuri uyu wa 16 Nzeri, Isi irizihiza umunsi wahariwe kuzirikana no kurengera akayunguruzo kitwa ‘Ozone’ karinda ibinyabuzima bituye Isi imirasiye yuje ubumara y’izuba. Aka kayunguruzo kari hagati ya 10 na 50Km uvuye ku Isi mu gice kitwa Stratosphère, kamaze igihe kinini kangirika kubera ibikorwa bya muntu, imirasire y’ubumara y’izuba yatangiye kutugeraho.

Ozone ikozwe na atomes eshatu za Oxygen, aka gakingirizo kayungurura iriya mirasire mibi bita Ultraviolet B radiation gas igahera mu kirere cyo hejuru cyane ku buryo itagera ku binyabuzima byo ku isi.

Ibikorwa bya muntu ariko byangije aka kayungirizo imyenge iyungurura iriya mirasire mibi iba minini kugeza ubwo ubu yatangiye kugera ku binyabuzima bituye isi.

Ingaruka z’iyi mirasire ni uko habaho za cancer z’uruhu ku bantu, kwangirika kw’amagufwa y’abantu, kugabanuka k’ubutumburuke bw’amazi y’inyanja, gupfa no gucika kwa bimwe mu binyabuzima bifite intimatima y’uturemangingo fatizo (cells) ikozwe mu buryo butihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, n’ibindi.

Uretse cancer z’uruhu ku bantu, iyi mirasire ituma habaho n’indwara z’amaso abaganga bita cataracts (indwara y’ishaza ryo mu maso).

Iyo imirasire ya Ultraviolet B radiation gas iyo igeze mu nyanja cyangwa ahandi hantu hatose, yangiza cyane ibimera byihariye byitwa Algae ubusanzwe bituma habaho kuyungurura umwuka duhumeka wa Oxygen, bimwe bigapfa bityo umwuka ukagabanuka mu kirere.

Abahanga mu binyabuzima bemeza ko guhungabana kwa biriya bimera bitera kugabanuka kw’ibinyabuzima byihariye nk’ibikeri, amafi, ibinyamunjonjorerwa, inzoka n’ibindi bifite uruhare runini mu buzima bw’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (eco-systems).

Nubwo aka kaga kose kugarije isi kazwi ntibibuza ibihugu biteye imbere gukomeza kohereza mu kirere ibyuka bihumanya bita Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) bigera mu kirere byhura na ya mirasire ya Ulraviolets B radiations, bigahindukamo uburozi bita Chlorine.

Iyi Chlorine iyo ihuye na Oxygen bishwanyaguza bikomeye ka kayungirizo kitwa Ozone. National Geographic Center yemeza ko molecule imwe ya Chlorine ishobora gushwanyaguza molecure ibihumbi 100 za Ozone.

Toni za Chlorine zimaze kugera mu kirere kuva amajyambere mu nganda yatangira( industrial revolution) mu kinyajana cya 18 gishyira icya 19 kugeza ubu, ni nyinshi ku buryo isi igeramiwe n’ubukana bw’imirasire y’ubumara y’izuba ubu itangirwa ku kigero kiri hasi kuko Ozone yangiritse.

Ingaruka zo kwangirika kwa Ozone zibasira cyane ibice by’impera z’isi mu nyanjya y’urubura ya Antractic byaragaragaye ko uru rubura rwatangiye kuyonga kubera ubushyuhe bituma amazi azamuka aba menshi arenga imbibi.

Byagize ingaruka ku birura by’umweru bihaba ndetse no ku nkombe z’ibihugu cyangwa ibirwa bituranye.
Abahanga bemeza ko ubu Ozone imaze kwangirika ku kigero cya 65% mu duce tumwe mu gihe ahandi iri ku kigero cya 20%.
Gusa ikirere ntikigira imipaka, twese tugerwaho cyangwa se tuzagerwaho n’ingaruka z’uku kwangirika gukabije wa Ozone.

Mu 1996 ibihugu by’Uburayi na USA byasinye amasezerano yo kugabanya imyuka yangiza Ozone ariko ibindi bihugu nk’Ubushinwa na Brazil bikomeje kubyohereza.

Nubwo ibihugu byose byahagarika kuhereza biriya byuka, bizafata hafi ikinyejana cyose ngo bwa bumara bwa Chlorine bwirunze mu kirere bugabanuke ku kigero cyatuma ubuzima ku isi bwongera kutaba mu kaga k’imirasire y’ubumara y’izuba.

Kuri uyu munsi taliki ya 16 Nzeri ni igihe cyiza cyo kuzirikana akamaro ka Ozone, twirinda gutwika ibintu tubonye, cyane cyane ibikoresho bikozwe mu nsinga n’ibindi by’ikoranabuhanga bifite imyotsi idasanzwe ndetse n’inganda zacu zigafata ingamba hakiri kare tukagabanya gutema ishami ry’igiti twicayeho.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA

UM– USEKE.RW