Tumenye ubwoko bw'Abakono

Mu moko akomeye yabaye mu Rwanda rwo hambere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu harimo ubwoko bw’Abakono. Amateka agaragaza ko  abasekuruza ba kera cyane b’Abakono harimo  Kigwa na Gihanga.

1. Abakono baba bakomoka mu Bugufi

Nkuko twabibonye ku Basindi no ku Banyiginya, Abega, Abasinga, Abaha, Abacyaba, Abatsobe, ubwoko bw’Abakono nabwo ni ubwakera cyane kuko ibirari by’inkomoko zabo nabyo bigenda bikagwa kuri Kigwa na Gihanga. Muri cya gitekerezo cy’IBIRARI twabonye mbere, bavuga ko Abakono bakomoka kuri MUKONO wa MUTUTSI, hanyuma Gihanga akaba we yaramuraze ingoma y’u-Bugufi.

Nyamara iyo ukomeje kwumva ibindi bitekerezo bivuga ku nkomoko z’Abakono, usanga babivuga kwinshi ku buryo bitera urujijo.

Mu gitekerezo kimwe, bavuga ko ubwo Gihanga n’umugore we Nyamususa bari batuye mu Buhanga, ku nkengero za Mukungwa, ahitwa i-Nkotsi na Bikara, Abakono nabo bari batuye hafi y’ikirunga cya Karisimbi, mu turere twa Bigogwe na Rwankeri, bitungiwe no kuragira inka zabo. Koko rero na n’ubu ni hamwe mu nce z’u-Rwanda dusanga imiryango myinshi y’Abakono.

Ibindi bitekerezo bivugwa ku Bakono tubisanga ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rugwe n’umuhungu we Kigeli Mukobanya (mu binyejana bya cumi na kane na cumi na gatanu). Muri icyo gihe, umwami Cyilima Rugwe yari yararaguriwe ko uzamusimbura agomba kuzavuka k’umugore w’umukonokazi kugira ngo u-Rwanda rugire amahoro.

Nibwo rero agiye kurambagiza NYANGUGE (cyangwa NYANKUGE), umukobwa w’umwami wo mu Bugufi. Ibiramambo n’uko yagezeyo agasanga wa mukobwa yarasabwe na Nsoro Bihembe, umwami w’i-Bugesera.

Twibutse ko muri icyo gihe, igihugu cy’u-Bugesera cyari kikigera mu nce za Kigali cya Nyamweru, aho cyari gihagarariwe n’umugabo witwaga NKIMA wo mu bwoko bw’Abakono.

Uyu Nkima rero niwe waje kwiyumvikanira na Cyilima Rugwe wari utuye nawe i-Kigali cya Nyarugenge, amubwira amayeri ashobora gukoresha kugira ngo azarongore Nyanguge mbere ya Nsoro, maze ahereko amutera inda izavukamo umwami w’u-Rwanda uzatsinda u-Bugesera. Ubukwe bwegereje rero, Cyilima Rugwe yagiye mu Bugesera, abeshya Nsoro ko aje kumwigishiriza abantu uburyo bwo kwubaka inzu nziza  nk’iz’i-Rwanda maze akazarongorera ahantu heza.

Umunsi w’ubukwe ugeze, Nyanguge ageze mu Bugesera, Cyilima Rugwe abifashijwemo na Nkima, yahereye ko amurongora mbere ya Nsoro, ndetse aramucikana amuzana mu Rwanda.

Mu bitekerezo, bavuga ukuntu Cyilima Rugwe na Nyanguge bacika baciye mu kuzimu bagatunguka mu Rwanda, bakurikiye umwobo wari wacukuwe n’abatwa be; abandi bakavuga ko ahubwo baciye mu mwobo w’inyaga. Ibyaribyo byose, uyu Nyanguge w’umukonokazi, niwe Cyilima Rugwe yaje kubyaraho Kigeli Mukobanya wamusimbuye ku ngoma.

Hari abashakashatsi bamwe, nka J. Vansina, bavuga ko ibyo byose ari imigani idafite ishingiro. Ko ahubwo Kigeli Mukobanya na mwene se Mibambwe Mutabazi basimburanye ku ngoma mu Rwanda ari Abanyabugesera babili bavuye iwabo mu Bugesera bakigarurira u-Rwanda nyuma ya Cyilima Rugwe, none ubu bakaba babarwa ku rutonde rw’abami b’u-Rwanda kimwe n’abandi bose b’Abanyiginya. Ibyo ariko ni ikindi kibazo tutakwirirwa dutindaho hano kuko tutabifitiye gihamya.

Icyo tuzi gusa kandi tuvana muri bya bitekerezo twavuze haruguru, n’uko umwami w’u-Rwanda Cyilima Rugwe yaje kugororera Nkima, amuhemba gutegeka Kigali cya Nyamweru, ndetse amwegurira no kuba “umwami wo mu bwiru” kimwe n’abamukomokaho.

Kuva icyo gihe koko binjijwe mu Bwiru kandi bashinga ingoma yabo i-Kigali cya Nyamweru. Amazina yabo y’ubwami yakurikiranaga atya: Butare, Nkima na Cyabakanga. Naho ingoma yabo y’ingabe yari Nkurunziza.

No mu Bakono dusangamo Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Iyo tujanishije mu bantu bose twabajije, twasanze mu gihe twakoraga ubushakashatsi (1980-1990), abiyitaga Abakono b’Abahutu bari 32,57 % n’aho abiyitaga Abatutsi bari 67,43 %. Ikirangabwoko cyabo ni igikeri kimwe n’Abega.

 2. Abakono n’Abanyiginya mu nkomoko z’Abagogwe

Ibindi bitekerezo bivugwa ku Bakono tubisanga mu nkomoko z’Abagogwe n’ukuntu abo bashumba b’ibyatwa baje gutura mu Murera no mu Rwankeri na Bigogwe hafi y’ibirunga bya Karisimbi na Muhabura. Ibyo bitekerezo ariko nabyo bivugwa kwinshi.

Ubusanzwe, mu Bagogwe dusangamo inzu cyangwa ibisekuru bibiri bizwi cyane. Harimo “Abanyiginya b’Abacocori” bakomoka kuri MUCOCORI, uyu bavuga ko ari umuhungu w’umwami NDAHIRO CYAMATARE, hakabamo kandi “Abakono b’Abagirimana” bava kuri BIGIRIMANA bavuga ko yari nyirarume wa MUCOCORI.

Byagenze bite rero kugira ngo aba “Bacocori n’Abagirimanai” bave mu Nduga maze baze gutura mu majyaruguru y’u-Rwanda, ariho hiswe mu BIGOGWE ? Abantu benshi bakunze kuvuga ko byaturutse kw’icibwa rya Mucocori, agacibwa kandi na Se, Ndahiro Cyamatare.

Mu gitekerezo gisa n’umugani kandi gishekeje, bavuga ko Mucocori yakundaga gukosereza Se. Noneho umunsi umwe, umwami amaze kurambirwa ahitamo kumwirukana muri aya magambo y’icyo gitekerezo:

« Mucocori nakwihanganiye kera ubu urananiye. Kuva ubu ndakwirukanye, unvire mu gihugu. Muri uwo mugoroba, Mucocori yuriye igiti cyo mu bikingi by’irembo, arara mu mashami yacyo. Mu gitondo, abagaragu n’abashumba b’i bwami bagiye gukama no kubyukurutsa inka babona Mucocori mu giti. Noneho, aho umwami aziye kuko yari yagiye mu muhigo, ba bagaragu n’abashumba bamwereka Mucocori. Umwami ariyamirira ati :”uriya si Mucocori ra ! Sinaraye nkubwiye ko umvira mu gihugu ? Mucocori nawe aramusubiza ati :”sindi mu cyawe ndi mu cy’inyoni”. Ayo magambo yarakaje umwami; afata bwangu umuheto n’umwambi ngo amurase amwice. Abo mu muryango we, ibyegera hamwe n’abo bari bajyanye guhiga basaba ko yamuca aho kumwica, ariko bakamuha umuntu wo kumurera no kumugira inama bakaba bari hamwe. Muri abo bamusabiraga imbabazi harimo nyirarume Bigirimana. Umwami yemeza ko muramu we yamuherekeza. Bigirimana ajya mu Buriza gufata umugore, abana n’inka ze, n’uko ajyana na Mucocori. Baragenda bageze mu bibaya byo mu nsi ya Karisimbi na Muhabura biturira aho, aba ariho batangira kuragira inka zabo, nazo zirabakundira ziherako zororoka cyane ».

Hari abandi bantu bavuga ariko ko Mucocori atavuye mu Nduga kubera ko se yari yamuciye, ahubwo ko byatewe n’amakimbirane yari yagiranye n’abavandimwe be.

Ikindi gitekerezo twamenye ku Bakono twakibwiwe noneho n’Abagogwe ubwabo bashaka kutwumvisha ko ahubwo bageze mu Bigogwe bavuye i-MABUNGO ho mu Bufumbira. Icyo gitekerezo cyo rero bagishyira ku ngoma ya YUHI MAZIMPAKA (mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi).

Muri icyo gihe ngo hari umugabo wo mu bwoko bw’Abakono wari utuye i-Mabungo, mu Bufumbira akitwa MAJINYO ya BIGIRIMANA. Uyu MAJINYO akaba yari afite umukobwa witwaga NYAMAREMBO waje kurongorwa n’umwami w’i-Rwanda, Mibambwe Sekarongoro Gisanura, se wa Yuhi Mazimpaka.

Nyamarembo rero uko yabaga ari i-Bwami yahoraga ataaka ubwiza bw’abana b’iwabo yitaga “abeza b’i-Mabungo”.

Umunsi umwe abwira umwami ko abakumbuye kandi ko ashaka kubamwereka. Umwami abatumaho barabazana. Icyamurakaje gusa nuko bamaze kugera aho, yasanze atari beza cyane nkuko nyina yahoraga abamuratira. Ubwo ngo Mazimpaka ahubwo yahisemo kubamarira kw’icumu.

Abandi batekereza bavuga bo ko atari izo mpamvu zatumye umwami ashaka kurimbura umuryango w’Abakono, bikabaviramo gutatana hirya no hino mu Rwanda ndetse no mu mahanga. Ariko nabo bemeza ko byaba byaravuye kuri nyina Nyamarembo wari umukonokazi.

Bavuga ko muri icyo gihe, Yuhi Mazimpaka amaze kwima ingoma, yari afite bene se babiri b’impanga yakundaga cyane n’ubwo batari basangiye nyina. Gusa rimwe na rimwe, hari abantu bajyaga bavuga ko izo mpanga zirusha Yuhi ubwiza.

Nyina Nyamarembo yabyumva bikamurakaza cyane, kuko kuri we, nta muntu n’umwe mu gihugu wagombaga kurusha umuhungu we uburanga. Byaratinze rero bigera aho agambana na basaza be b’Abakono ngo bazice za mpanga; koko rero baje kumwumvira bazicira mu muhigo.

Umwami ariko amaze gukurikirana neza ikibazo uko kimeze, yaje gusanga abavandimwe be barazize akagambane ka nyina na basaza be b’Abakono. Kuva ubwo yahise yiyemeza kubahorera, byaba ngombwa Abakono bose bagashirira kw’icumu, atangiriye kuri ba “beza b’i-Mabungo”.

Hari ndetse n’akana umugabekazi yari yashoboye guhisha, ariko agiye kugasabira imbabazi, Mazimpaka yahise akamwicira mu maso, umugabekazi nawe ahita yiyahura. Abantu bakunda kubivuga muri aya magambo:

“Nyamarembo yasabye umwami ko niba ashaka kwica Abeza b’i-Mabungo, yakwica abo ashaka bose, ariko akaramura Semwera wa Majinyo. Umwami yahise yica Semwera mu maso ye n’inkota ye. Kuva ubwo Nyamarembo nawe yahise ajya kwiyahura. Bavuga ko abahungu ba Majinyo benshi baba barahaguye, abandi bakajya kubajugunya mu rwobo rwa Bayanga. Abuzukuru bamwe na bamwe barokotse bahereye ko bakwira imishwaro, bamwe baguma iyo mu Bufumbira, abandi bajya muri za Nduga, Bumbogo, Marangara, Bwanamukare n’ahandi n’ahandi hirya no hino”.

Kubera ko ibyo bitekerezo byose batugejejeho bisa nkaho bivuguruzanya, bamwe bavuga ngo Abakono baje baturuka mu Nduga, abandi bati bakomotse mu Bufumbira, byatumye dukomeza ubushakashatsi kugira ngo tumenye neza mu byukuri ibirari n’imyoma Abakono bagiye bakurikira mu miturire yabo kuva mu bihe bya mbere na mbere kugeza muri ibi bihe bya hafi.

4. Imiryango y’Abakono ubu tuyisanga hehe cyane cyane ?

Nkuko tumaze kubibona haruguru mu birari n’ingendo Abakono bagiye bakurikira mu miturire yabo, ubungubu imiryango yabo myinshi tuyisanga ahantu hatatu.

Hari abo dusanga mu majyepfo y’u-Rwanda, mu Bwanamukare, mu Bufundu, Nyaruguru, Buyenzi, Bunyambiriri; abandi tukabasanga mu Nduga, Marangara, Kabagari, ndetse no mu Bwishaza, cyane cyane mu Bisesero, no mu Budaha-Nyantango.

Naho mu majyaruguru y’u-Rwanda, tubasanga mu Murera-Buhoma-Rwankeri, mu karere ka Bigogwe nyine. Ahangaha niho Abakono b’Abagirimana bafitanye umubano wihariye n’Abanyiginya b’Abacocori, bose bakitwa Abagogwe. Iki cyiciro kandi ninacyo ninacyo gikomeza kikagera mu Bufumbira, mu Bwishya, Rutchuru, Gishali, Gisigali na Masisi.

Ntitwakwibagirwa kandi ya miryango yindi yo mu Rwanda hagati rwa gati dusanga mu Buriza, mu Bwanacyambwe, cyane cyane no mu Bumbogo bwa Kigali cya Nyamweru yari igizwe n’Abiru bakomoka kwa Nkima.

Uturere dusangamo imiryango y’ABAKONO dukurikije imibare y’abantu bose twabajije – 1990.

                                         (mu cyari za Perefegitura za mbere)

3. Ibirari n’imyoma y’Abakono mu miturire yabo.

 Kugira ngo mu bushakashatsi twakoze dushobore kubyumva neza, byabaye ngombwa ko tubaza abantu bo mu turere twinshi. Birumvikana ko twibanze mu Majyaruguru y’u-Rwanda (nko mu Bigogwe) ndetse no mu Majyepfo kuko ariho twasangaga imiryango y’Abakono myinshi.

Abakuru rero bahereyeko batwumvisha ko Abakono nyirizina bakomoka mbere na mbere mu Bugufi-Bushubi-Buha, hakaba ari mu Burengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya y’ubu hafi y’Akagera n’Akanyaru. Kandi koko rero twabonye ko n’ingoma yabo ya mbere bayishinze mu Bugufi.

Kuva aho rero mu Bugufi, dukurikiranye ibirari byabo twasanze biteye bitya (reba kw’ikarita ikurikira):

Icyiciro cya mbere na mbere kivuye mu Bugufi, cyafashe inzira yo mu Majyaruguru y’u-Burundi n’u-Burasirazuba bw’u-Rwanda. Mu kwinjira mu Rwanda, baciye mu turere twa Bugesera, Bwanamukare, Buyenzi, Bufundu na Bunyambiriri.

Aha kandi niho na n’ubu dusanga imiryango myinshi y’Abakono mu Rwanda hose. Aba Bakono ni nabo bakomeje ingendo zabo kugera mu Nduga-Marangara ndetse no mu Burengerazuba bw’u-Rwanda, mu Bwishaza, Bisesero na Budaha-Nyantango.

Nyamara ariko hari n’ikindi cyiciro cya kabiri cyavuye mu Bugufi, cyo gihitamo guca inzira ya ruguru muri za Karagwe n’u-Buhaya, gitunguka mu Nkore. Aba rero nibo babaye nk’abazenguruka amajyaruguru y’u-Rwanda, bakomeza bagana iya Ndorwa, Rukiga, Kigezi na Bufumbira.

Ibi byose noneho rero nibyo byashoboye kutwumvisha ko iyo Abagogwe bemeza ko bageze mu Bigogwe bamwe bavuye mu Nduga, abandi bakomotse i-Mabungo mu Bufumbira, ibyo bavuga biba ari ukuri.

Ikarita (Map) no.1  : Ibirari n’imyoma mu miturire y’Abakono

5. Imwe mu miryango n’ibisekuru by’Abakono (naho dusangamo Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa)

Abagirimana (Abagogwe), Abagiri (Abega-Abaswere), Abagerangabo, Abahongo-Abagirimana (Abagogwe), Abaheshi (Abagogwe), Abajwenge (Abagogwe), Abakurimba (Abagogwe), Abaroha, Abashyoma, Abatura, Abapfumu (Gipfumu), Abajuju, Abahanyahanyo, Abarengeri, Abo kwa Yambwa, Abakamba, Abagize, Abatare, Abatari, Abayira, Ababuye, Ababwire, Abarembe, Abatwari, Abayobe, Abatabaro, Ababuto, Abanyankuge, Abahayo, etc.

6. Imihango, imyuga n’ibindi bikorwa biranga Abakono

6.1. Kubyara  abami n’Abagabekazi (IBIBANDA)

Abami b’Abakono tubasanga mbere na mbere mu Bugufi (i-Burengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya y’ubu) kuko ariho bashinze ingoma yabo ya mbere izwi. Naho mu Rwanda, ubwami bwabo bwari Kigali cya Nyamweru (i-Shyorongi y’ubu), uretse ko mu mihango babwitaga “ubwami bw’ubwiru”. Ibyaribyo byose bari bafite ingoma yabo y’ingabe yitwaga Nkurunziza n’abami babo basimburanaga ku mazina ya Butare, Nkima na Cyabakanga.

Ubwoko bw’Abakono ariko buzwi cyane cyane kubera ko bwari bumwe mu moko ane akomeye y’Ibibanda ariyo Abakono, Abega, Abaha n’Abagesera (tutibagiwe ko Abasinga n’Abazigaba nabo babanje kubamo hanyuma bakaza gukurwamo kubera impamvu zinyuranye). Aya moko uko ari ane niyo yakomokagamo Abagabekazi, bivuga ko ariyo yabyaranaga abami n’Abanyiginya.

Iyo turebye ku rutonde rw’Abagabekazi bose bayoboye u-Rwanda hamwe n’abahungu babo (reba kuri paji….), dusangamo bane. Hari Nyanguge, nyina wa Kigeli I Mukobanya, Nyabacuzi, nyina wa Ruganzu II Ndoli, Nyamarembo nyina wa Yuhi III Mazimpaka na Murorunkwere nyina wa Kigeli IV Rwabugili.

Ahangaha twakwibutsa kandi ko mu ngoma za nyuma z’Abanyiginya, ari Abakonokazi bagiye basimburana cyane n’Abegakazi ku ngoma, andi moko y’Ibibanda agasa n’aryamirwa.

Nyamara iryo simburana ryabo ryakurikije cyane igitugu aho gukurikiza amategeko y’ubwiru, ryaje kuvamo intandaro y’amakimbirane hagati y’Abega, Abakono n’Abanyiginya.

Twavuga nko ku gihe cy’urupfu rwa Murorunkere, nyina wa Rwabugili waguye i-Mbilima na  Matovu agambaniwe na Nkoronko cyangwa igihe cyo ku Rucunshu, ubwo Rutarindwa, nawe wari wabyawe n’umukonokazi, avanywe ku ngoma ndetse akicwa kandi ariwe wari warazwe ingoma na Rwabugili, ahubwo bakimika Musinga wari wabyawe n’umwegakazi, Kanjogera.

6.2. Imihango y’ubwiru

Kuva kuri Nkima, umuryango mukuru w’Abiru b’Abakono wari utuye mu Bumbogo bwa Shyorongi, i-Kigali cya Nyamweru; ninaho hari igikingi cyabo.

Mu mihango y’ubwiru babitaga “abo kwa Nkima” cyangwa “abo kwa Cyabakanga”; wabasangaga mu nzira nyinshi z’ubwiru bafatanije n’Abatsobe hamwe n’Abambogo, cyane cyane mu nzira y’ubwimika, iy’ishora, iya Gicurasi, n’izindi, n’izindi.

6.3. Kuba Abashumba b’ibyatwa n’Abatware bakuru.

Abakono barimo ababaye abatware bakomeye ingero zizwi ni Nyina w’umwami Rwabugili Murorunkwere wari umukonokazi n’abandi.

Iyi nyandiko ni iya Prof Nyagahene Antoine 

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