“Sub-Sahara Africa” mu bibazo by’ubukungu byadindiza iterambere ryayo – Raporo nshya

Raporo nshya y’Ikigo cy’Abongereza “Overseas Development Institute (ODI)” iragaragaza ko ibibazo by’ubukungu biri ku Isi biri gusya bitanzitse ku rwego rw’imari mu bihugu bya Africa yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara, ikavuga ko hatagize igikorwa iterambere ry’aka karere ryaba riri mu bibazo.

Ibibazo by’ubukungu Isi iri kunyuramo, ngo biri gutuma urwego rw’imari rw’akarere ka Africa yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara rurushaho kwangirika by’umwihariko mu bihugu byohereza Peteroli hanze.

Ni mu gihe ibihugu byo mu akakarere bifite inguzanyo nyinshi bigomba kwishyura, kandi bikaba bigikeneye n’izindi nguzanyo kugira ngo bishyire mu bikorwa imishinga y’iterembere bifite.

Ibibazo nyamukuru raporo igaragaza

-Raporo ya ODI ivuga ko hari iby’inguzanyo zitari kuboneka “credit crunch” mu rwego rw’Amabanki, bigatuma inguzanyo by’umwihariko ku abikorera zigenda zibura cyangwa kuzibona bigorana.

-Iyi raporo ya ODI ivuga ko mu bihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara hari ikibazo cy’inguzanyo mpuzamahanga zitari kuboneka n’izibonetse zikaba zihenze, cyane cyane ku masoko y’imari n’imigabane.

-Urwego rw’imari ngo rukomeje gutera impungenge, bitewe n’ibibazo amabanki afite birimo kwishyura nabi inguzanyo, inyungu, n’ibindi.

Ibi bibazo, ngo biratuma amafaranga macye ari mu mabanki ashorwa mu mishinga iciriritse idafite ingaruka nyinshi nk’ubucukuzi no mu bicuruzwa by’ibanze mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Ibi bikagira ingaruka ku mishinga migari y’igihe kirekire nk’inganda, ibikorwaremezo, ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi byagutse, kandi aribyo biba bishobora guhindura ubukungu bw’igihugu n’ubuzima bw’abaturage benshi kuko bitanga imirimo myinshi.

Ibindi bibazo nabyo ngo biri gutiza umurindi iri hungabana ry’urwego rw’imari n’ubukungu muri rusange, ngo harimo amanyanga, gucunga nabi inguzanyo, kunyereza umutungo, ruswa, imiyoborere mibi mu bigo by’imari,  n’ibindi biri guca intege abashoramari mpuzamahanga n’ab’imbere mu bihugu.

Ibihugu nka Kenya, Nigeria, Mozambique, Ghana ngo biri mu byugarijwe cyane n’ibi bibazo.

Iyi raporo ivuga ko mu bihugu bitumiza (import) Peteroli nka Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda na Tanzania naho ngo hari ibi bibazo by’inguzanyo zitaboneka, izitishyurwa neza n’ibindi byavuzwe ruguru nubwo bitari ku rwego nk’urw’ibigurisha Peteroli.

Urwego rw’inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza mu bihugu bitumiza Peteroli.

ODI isaba ibihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara gushakira byihuse ibisubizo ibimpamvu zirimo gutera ibi bibazo bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ryabyo.

U Rwanda ruravuga iki kuri iyi Raporo?

Minisitiri w’Imari n’igenamigambi Amb. Claver Gatete yatubwiye ko u Rwanda nta bibazo byihariye by’inguzanyo “Credit Crunch” rufite, ndetse n’ibibazo urwego rw’imari rwarwo ruri guhura nabyo ngo ni rusange ku Isi.

Yagize ati “Kugeza ubu turacyashobora gushyira amafaranga mu ngengo y’ingengo y’imari yacu, turacyatera imbere, mu gihembwe cya mbere gishize umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wazamutseho 7,3%, urwego rw’imyeenda ruri kuri 34%, ihindagurika rusange ry’ibiciro riri munsi ya 5%, ndumva icyo gihe ntazi icyo wakwita credit crunch, nta kibazo dufite mu bukungu bwacu.”

Icyakora, Min. Gatete yemera ko hari ibibazo rusange ubukungu bw’Isi yose buri guhura nabyo kuva mu mwaka ushize ubwo ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bwagwaga, ubukungu bw’Uburayi butakizamuka kubera ibibazo by’imyeenda, n’ingamba za Banki Nkuru ya Amerika zongereye agaciro Idolari bigatuma amafaranga y’ibindi bihugu atakaza agaciro, ndetse n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze (low commodities) biramanuka.

Ati “Ibi byatumye igiciro cyo kubona inguzanyo kizamuka cyane. Ibi ariko biri kugira ingaruka kuri buri wese mu buryo butandukanye, waba wohereza hanze (export) Peteroli cyangwa uyitumiza (import). Ntabwo bitoranya Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara gusa.”

Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) giteganya ko umuvuduko w’umusaruro mbumbe w’Isi yose uzazamuka ukava kuri 3,1% mu 2015, ukagera kuri 3,4% mu 2016, na 3,6 mu 2017.

Hari impungenge ko kuva mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi kw’Ubwami bw’Abongereza, n’ibibazo biri mu bukungu bw’Isi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’Isi by’umwihariko ubw’ibihugu bishingiye ku bicuruzwa by’ibanze (low commodities) byohereza hanze.

Raporo ya ODI ikavuga ko ibi bibazo birimo kugira ingaruka cyane ku bukungu bw’Ibihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, kuko mu mwaka ushize umusaruro mbumbe w’aka karere ka Africa wamanutse ukagera ku gipimo waherukagaho mu myaka 15 ishize cya 3,3%, ndetse muri 2016 ngo kikaba gishobora kugera kuri 3%.

Vénuste KAMANZI
UM– USEKE.RW