Ngo ingagi dufite byinshi duhuriyeho kurusha uko tubitekereza

Tekereza umenye ko runaka yashakanye n’ingagi!Hari abavuga ko byaba ari agahomamunwa kuko bemera ko ziriya nyamaswa atari abantu. Noneho tekereza wayitumiye ngo musangire ku meza! Nabwo hari ababifata nk’amahano! Nubwo ari uko bamwe babifata ariko, hari ikintu bagomba kumenya ni uko abantu n’ingagi bafitanye ISANO.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, ibisabantu( apes) birimo amoko menshi: Ingagi( gorillas)chimpanzees, n’izindi bita ourang-utans).

Twahisemo gukeresha ijambo ingagi muri rusange kuko ijambo chimpanzee twariburiye iryaryo ry’Ikinyarwanda kizwi na benshi.

Nubwo tuzi ko dutandukanye n’ingagi nazo burya zizi ko dutandunye nazo. Ibi bitwereka ko uku gutandukana no kubimenya(haba ku bantu no ku ngagi) byerekana ko ahubwo hari ibyo gusangiye kurusha indi nyamaswa yose iri ku mubumbe w’Isi.

Mu cyumweru gishize Urukiko rwo muri USA rwemeje ko ingagi zemererwa n’amategeko uburenganzira runaka bwo kwitwara uko zishaka ariko zigakurikiza ariya mategeko.

Umucamanza witwa Barbara Jaffe yafashe umwanzuro w’uko ingagi zigomba gufatwa nk’abantu bagengwa n’amategeko aho gufatwa nk’ibikoresho bisanzwe, amatungo cyangwa inyamaswa zisanzwe.

Aya mategeko arengera ingagi ahana umuntu wese uzashaka kuzororera iwe cyangwa kuzigira umutungo we bwite, akazihindura abacakara.

Hari abahanga bavuga ko abantu bafitanye isano n’ingagi zo muri Africa nk’uko Charles Darwin yabyanditse muri 1871.

Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba aha, bwerekana ko abantu n’ingagi bahuje hafi 99% y’ibigize uturemangingo fatizo dukoze imibiri y’abantu n’iy’ingagi (genetic material).

Nk’uko byasohotse mu kinyamakuru BMC Evolutionary Biology, ikindi ngo kerekena isano iri hagati y’abantu n’ingagi ni uko amagufwa agize uruti rw’umugongo(colonne vertabrale) ahagana hasi aho rurangirira, ateye kimwe bityo yaba abantu yaba na ziriya nyamaswa, byombi bigira ububabare hari hantu.

Kubera iyi mpamvu hari abantu bababara hariya hantu iyo begutse bahagaze bagiye gutangira kugenda, kandi no ku ngagi ngo niko bijya bigenda.

Ikindi kintu cyerekana isano abantu bafitanye n’ingagi ni uko bombi biga kandi bagakoresha amarenga iyo bashaka kugira icyo bavuga runaka bitewe n’imimerere barimo.

Muri 1965 ingagi yiswe Washoe bayivanye muri Africa y’uburasirazuba bayijyana muri USA bayigisha ururimi rw’amarenga.

Kubera ko ubusanzwe ziriya nyamaswa zidafite ingingo z’umubiri zo mu kanwa ziboneye zazifasha kuvuga amagambo asanzwe, bazigisha gukoresha amarenga kuko yo asaba kumva, kugira amakenga no kwigana.

Ibisabantu(apes)mu bisanzwe bikoresha amarenga buri munsi mu mibereho yabyo mu ishyamba.
Washoe yaje kumenya amarenga 350 ndetse iyigisha n’umuhungu wayo wiswe Louis.

Washoe ikoresheje amarenga yigeze kubwira uwayicungaga ko ishaka kujya hanze, undi ayisubiza ko nta kibazo ariko igomba kubanza ikambara imyenda.

Ubwo umwe mu barimu bigishaga Washoe yagiraga ibyago agakuramo inda, akamara igihe ataza ku kazi, ubwo yagarukaga yabwiye Washoe ati: ‘Umwana wanjye yarapfuye.’

Washoe yakoze ikimenyetso cyo kurira, ifata urutoki rwayo ishushanya ku maso yayo uko amarira amanuka, kuko kurira bya nyabyo itabishobora kubera uko iteye.

Iki cyerekana ko zizi kwishyira mu mwanya w’abandi, zikababara bibaye ngombwa.

Ubwo indi ngagi yiswe Nim Chimpsky bayijyanaga ahantu hafungiranye ngo barebe ko yagira umutima nk’uwo Washoe yari ifite, uyu mugambi wabaye impfabusa kuko itigeze yishimira kubaho ifungiranye, itisanzura.

Izi nyamaswa zamamaye kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwikemurira ibibazo.
Zabashije kumenya gushaka ibyo kurya mu buryo butangaje harimo kohereza agati mu myobo irimo imiswa, iyi miswa ikazamukiraho bityo zikabasha kuyifata.

Izi nyamaswa kandi zabashije kubaka imiturirwa yazo yo kubamo ndetse zibasha kugira amakenga no kureba kure(insight).

Umushakashatsi witwa Desmond Morris, yigishije ingagi yo muri Kongo gushushanyisha irangi.
Jane Goodall yiboneye ko iyo ingagi ziri mu ishyamba zibana nk’uko abantu babana muri rusange: zikora ibikoresho zikenera, ziraganira, zigafashanya kandi zikerekana urukundo binyuze mu gusomana, ndetse zigahigira hamwe umwanzi wazo.

Ibyana by’ingagi bimara igihe kirekire bitaremererwa gufata inshingano kuko biba bigifatwa n’ibitaragira imyaka y’ubukure(mu Rwanda umuntu mukuru imbere y’amategeko aba afite imyaka 21y’amavuko)
Ingagi imarana na Nyina imyaka itanu ayonsa kandi ayigisha iby’ibanze mu buzima .

Iyo hari izabaye impfubyi zikiri nto, izindi zirazifata zikazirera kugira ngo zizicwa n’agahinda.
Haba ku bantu, haba no kuri nyamaswa, bombi bakunda ‘gukina’. Gukina nibyo bituma ku mpande zombi habaho kwiga uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo no kumenya kubana n’abandi.

Ingagi zizi kwireba mu ndorerwamo zikamenya ko arizo atari iyindi nyamaswa, bitandukanye n’uko bimeze ku mbwa no ku njangwe y’iwawe.

Kubera ubushobozi zifite bwo guhuza akababaro ko ku mubiri n’ako mu mutwe, ntibishoboka ko wazifungirana ngo zikwemerere!

Kuvuga ko wazima uburenganzira bwazo, byo ntabyo mwakiranuka kuko zirabuzi, zikamenya no kubuharanira nk’uko bimeze ku bantu.

UM– USEKE.RW