Kuki ibara ry’umutuku abantu henshi ku isi barifata nk’irikomeye?

Mu mico inyuranye usanga hari aho amabara ahuza ubusobanuro. Mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bimwe ibara ry’icyatsi rivuga umusaruro n’uburumbuke, umuhondo ukerekana umucyo, umweru ukavuga isuku n’amahoro,n’ibindi. Gusa nanone uzasanga henshi cyane ibara ry’umutuku rifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’ububasha ahandi abahirwe.

Kuva cyera cyane ngo abantu  bakundaga ibara ritukura.

Mu myaka ya cyera cyane abahanga bita Neolithic bavuga ko ‘abantu’ icyo gihe bahigaga inigwahabiri(insects) zitukura bakazirundanyiriza ku dusamamagara (cache-sexes) twabo kugira ngo tugire ibara ritukura.

Mu myaka ibihumbi ishize kandi abantu bafataga amabuye atukura bakayarunda ahantu runaka bakajya bayifashisha mu gusenga Imana zabo.

Muzumva abantu bavuga ngo hari ‘umurongo utukura’ utagomba kurenga.

Ibara ritukura rifite ibintu byinshi rivuze mu mateka y’abantu.

Ubwo umuhanga mu bugenge witwaga Isaac Newton yapimaga amabara agize urumuri arucishije mu mwiburungushure(prisms) yasanze ibara ritukura ariyo rirerire kurusha ayandi agaragaramo.

Mu mateka ya muntu wo hambere hagaragara ko yakundaga ibara ritukura yakoreshaga mu gutaka iwe, imyambaro ye n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe yifashishaga buri munsi.

Kuba amaraso y’umuntu atukura nabyo ngo byabaye intandaro yo guha agaciro ibara ritukura kandi ushobora kurisanga mu maraso y’abantu, inyamaswa ndetse no mu matembabuzi y’ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe urugero nk’ibinyomoro, beterave, amapera, pome…

Ubwo abahanga mu kwiga no gusesengura ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumburaga  ibibindi birimo inigwahabiri nyinshi zitukura n’uburoso buri kumwe n’imyambaro, bageze ku mwanzuro w’uko abantu bo mu gihe cya Neolithic bakoreshaga iriya bara mu gusiga imyenda yabo no gutaka aho babaga.

Inigwahabiri bakundaga ni iyitwa cochineal kandi iyi yakomeje kuba murizo ikunzwe kugeza mu gihe ba Christophe Colomb batangiraga gushaka uko bakwigarurira ibindi bice by’Isi.

Bapagiraga za toni z’utu dukoko bakatwambukana inyanja ya atlantic kugira ngo bazatugurane n’abatware bo mu guce babaga bajemo nabo bakabaha amoko y’imboga zitandukanye ndetse n’urusenda cyane cyane mu Buhinde.

Agasimba ‘Cochineal’ kashyirwaga kandi mu biryo nk’ikirungo kugira ngo bitukure, mbese nk’uko muri iki gihe inyanya n’ibizikomokaho zifashishwa henshi.

Uretse kariya gasimba  gatukura, n’ibiti bifite imbaho zitukura byarakundwaga cyane kandi n’ubu ni uko.

Igiti cyo muri Brazil bita brazilwood ni kimwe mu biti bifite ibara ritukura byakunzwe cyane hagati y’ikinyejana cya 16 n’icya 17 ariko mbere Abanyaburayi bagikuraga mu bihugu by’Aziya y’Uburasirazuba.

Burya ngo izina Brazil ryakomotse kuri iki giti nk’uko izina Argentine ryaturutse ku butare bwacukurwaga muri kiriya gihugu.

Mu gihe cy’Abagereki ba kera ingabo zajyaga zisiga ibintu bifite ibara ritukura(bita haematite) mbere yo kujya ku rugamba, ibi ngo bikaba byarafasha mu gutuma bataza kuva amaraso mu gihe babaga bakomeretse.

Muri make, ibara ritukura ryabaye ikirangirire mu yandi mabara kubera ukuntu abantu bagiye bariha agaciro mu buryo butandukanye kandi bigakorwa n’abo mu mico itandukanye, bihe bitandukanye.

Ibara ry’umutuku niryo bara ryonyine risobanura ibintu bibiri bihabanye cyane ni ukuvuga ‘amahirwe n’ibyago.’

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW