Imyaka 27 irashize, itegeko rirengera umurage ndangamuco riraje

Inama y’abaminisitiri idasanzwe yateranye kuwa 20 Werurwe 2015 yemeje  “Umushinga w’Itegeko rigena Ibungabungwa ry’Umurage Ndangamuco n’Ubumenyi Gakondo”. Ubwo bigeze aho « umushinga w’itegeko » wemezwa, biratanga icyizere ko n’itegeko nyirizina riri hafi. Uyu mushinga w’itegeko wari umaze imyaka 27 utekerejwe ! Itegeko ryaherukaga rijyanye n’amategeko mu kurengera umurage ndangamuco w’u Rwanda, ni iteka ryo ku gihe cy’ubukoloni ryo mu 1939.

Ndi mubari bategereje iri tegeko

Ubwo numvaga ibyemezo by’Inama y’abaminisitiri iheruka, ibyanejeje cyane birimo n’iby’iyi ngingo kuko narimaze igihe ndi mu bifuza ko yigwaho n’inzego bireba zikayifataho umwanzuro. Ubwo nigaga mu Ishami ry’umuco rifite agashami k’itangazamakuru muri Kaminuza yo mu Misiri, mu kiciro cya gatatu (2011-2013), nibwo namenye akamaro k’itegeko nk’iri ku gihugu.

Nafashe umwanya wo gusoma andi mategeko yo mu bihugu bike bya Afurika, nkurikira n’amasomo y’impuguke mu by’umurage ndangamuco ku rwego mpuzamahanga zo muri Canada n’i Bulayi, nsanga n’iwacu i Rwanda dukeneye iri tegeko.

Aho nkoreye ubushakashatsi, nkabaza ababishinzwe mu Rwanda, nkanasoma bimwe mu bitabo bigira icyo bibivugaho, nasanze hashize imyaka itari mike mu Rwanda hatekerejwe ku mushinga w’itegeko ryo kurengera umurage ndangamuco.

Muri 2013, nkiri mu mujyi wa Alexandria mu Misiri, ku nkengero z’inyanja ya  Mediterane, natunganyije inkuru igaragaza ko iri tegeko rikenewe (iyo nkuru yatangajwe kuri Radio Rwanda ku wa 21/Werurwe/2013, hashize imyaka ibiri yuzuye).

Inyandiko zivuga kuri iki kibazo zigaragaza ko hashize imyaka isaga 25 umushinga w’iri tegeko utekerejweho ariko ntihagira itegeko risohoka mu igazeti ya Leta.

 Iteka ryo muri 1939 ryari ritarasimbuzwa !

Ubusanzwe iri tegeko ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi bigenderwaho mu kumenya uko igihugu cyabungabunga umurage ndangamuco wacyo. Niryo rigena ibimenyetso bishyirwa muri uwo murage.

Ni ryo riha ububasha inzego zishinzwe kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere umurage ndangamuco. Iri tegeko kandi ni naryo rigena uko ibiranga umuco w’igihugu bishobora guhererekanywa biva mu gihugu kimwe bijya mu kindi.

Mu bihugu binyuranye bya Afrika, hari aho ryamaze gushyirwaho. Urugero ni nko muri Burkina Faso. Umwe mu bahakomoka, Nare Cheick Omar Dit Yannick, ni umunyamategeko akaba n’umunyamakuru twari kumwe mu Misiri muri 2011-2013.

Avuga ko mu gihugu cya Burkina Faso iryo tegeko ryagiyeho muri 2007.  Rikarengera umurage ndangamuco ufatika nk’ibiranga amateka binyuranye, n’umurage ndangamuco udafatika ugizwe ahanini n’indimi, imigenzo, imyemerere n’ibindi. Asanga ku bihugu bya Afrika, itegeko nk’iri ryihutirwa.

Ati: “…Mu gihe udafite itegeko rirengera umurage ndangamuco, wavuga ute ko uwurengera? Ushingira kuki se uteza imbere uwo murage? Ku bihugu bya Afrika, iri tegeko ririhutirwa!  Ntawavuga ko ari ikintu cyakorwa kuko umuntu abishatse. Iri tegeko ni ngombwa… niryo rinashingirwaho n’abanyamategeko mu guhana abangije uwo murage ndangamuco.”

Kuri iki kibazo, Pierre Claver Runiga, mu gitabo yanditse muri 2005 (umutwe wacyo ni : Patrimoine culturel du Rwanda: pour une meilleure protection juridique du patrimoine culturel du Rwanda) , yagaragaje ko mu Rwanda, inyandiko ijyanye n’amategeko mu kurengera umurage ndangamuco w’u Rwanda, ari iteka ryo ku gihe cy’ubukoloni. Ni iryo mu 1939, hakiri ibyitwaga Congo-Belge, Rwanda-Urundi !

Ntacyo wakwandikisha ku rutonde rw’umurage w’Isi udafite iri tegeko mu gihugu

Nk’uko n’abakurikiranira hafi iby’umurage ndangamuco babizi,  itegeko rirengera umurage ndangamuco ni kimwe mu bishingirwaho iyo igihugu gikeneye kwandikisha ibimenyetso byacyo ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi rugengwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burezi, ubumenyi n’umuco, UNESCO.

Byari kuzagorana rero u Rwanda rugize icyo rushaka kwandikisha kuri urwo rutonde, uretse inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994.

Koko rero, u Rwanda ruherutse gusaba ko inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ziri Nyamata, Gisozi, Murambi na Bisesero, zandikishwa kuri urwo rutonde rushyirwaho na Unesco. Zo zifite itegeko rizirengera kuva 2008.

Mu mwaka w’ 2000, u Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera umurage ndangamuco yashyizweho mu 1972.

Gushyira umukono kuri ayo masezerano biri mu byo buri gihugu cyubahiriza kugira ngo ubusabe bwacyo bwigweho (bwo kwandikisha ikimenyetso cy’umurage wacyo ku rutonde rugengwa na Unesco).

Ntiwasinya ayo masezerano ariko ngo urekere aho utayinjije mu mategeko igihugu cye kigenderaho. Niyo mpamvu ari byiza ko u Rwanda rutera iyi ntambwe rufitemo inyungu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Steven Mutangana

UM– USEKE.RW