Imyaka 19 irashize, Ubufaransa buzaceceka kugeza ryari?

Imyaka 19 irashize habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, Igihugu cy’Ubufaransa cyakomeje gushyirwa mu majwi ko cyagize uruhare muri iyi Jenoside yahitanye abasaga miliyoni mu gihe cy’iminsi ijana, nyamara nticyigeze kigaragaza ikimenyetso na kimwe cyo gusaba imbabazi cyangwa gucira bugufi Abanyarwanda.

Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’Ububiligi basabye imbabazi Abanyarwanda mu ruhame ariko Ubufaransa bwo bwaryumeho kugeza n’ubu buracyinangiye.

Ese igihe kizagera iki gihugu kikubite imbere y’u Rwanda gisabe imbabazi ku makosa kivugwaho? Ese ko François Mitterrand wayoboraga  Ubufaransa mu gihe cya Jenoside yarumye gihwa, uwamukurikiye ariwe Jacques Chirac bikaba uko, ndetse  na Nicolas Sarkozy benshi bibwiraga ko azasaba imbabazi agaterara agati mu ryinyo, Francois Hollande we bizagenda gute?

Muri Mutarama 2008, uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ubufaransa Barnard Kouchner yavuze ko igihugu cye gishobora kuba cyarakoze amakosa yo mu rwego rwa politiki ariko abajijwe ibyo abasirikare b’igihugu cye bakekwaho kuba barakoze yabihakanye yivuye inyuma avuga ko nta ruhare na ruto abo basirikare bagize muri Jenoside yarimbuye imbaga.

Ubwo uwahoze ayobora Ubufaransa Nicolas Sarkozy yazaga i Kigali muri Gashyantare 2010, isi yose yari itegereje ikintu kimwe “Kwemera amakosa ndetse agasaba imbabazi mu izina ry’Ubufaransa” Ibi ariko siko byagenze kuko ubwo yasubizaga icyo kibazo yavuze ko “habaye ikosa riremereye umuntu yakumva kuko ngo batigeze baha agaciro uburemere bw’ibyakorwaga muri Jenoside, ndetse ngo habayeho kutitwara neza muri zone Turqoise kuko batabaye batinze banahagera ntibakorane umurava bagombaga gukorana”.

 “Gutera ingabo mu bitugu intagondwa z’Abahutu”

Umuryango Survie ukorera mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa washyize ahagaragara inyandiko yanditswe n’umunyamakuru Raphaël Doridant igaragaza ko Ubufaransa bwateye ingabo mu bitugu intangondwa z’Abahutu uhereye mu myaka ya za 90. Ubufaransa bwari Buyobowe na François Mitterrand bwaryumyeho kuwa 6 Ukuboza 1990 ubwo Ikinyamakuru Kangura cyashyiraga ahagara inyandiko cyise “Amategeko icumi y’Abahutu” yagaragaza urwango rukomeye Abatutsi bagomba kwangwa. Urupapuro rwanyuma rw’icyo kinyamakuru rwariho ifoto y’uwari incuti magara y’u Rwanda “François Mitterrand”  ariko ngo igitangaje n’uko Perezidansi y’Ubufaransa itigeze yamagana igikorwa nk’icyo.

Ntibyatinze gato, mu mwaka w’1992 uwitwa Bruno Delaye wari umujyanama wa Mitterrand muri Afurika aba ashimiye Jean Bosco Barayagwiza wari uhagarariye ishyaka CDR kuba we n’abandi bayoboke basaga 700 barandikiye Ubufaransa babushimira uburyo bufashamo u Rwanda, ibi kandi uyu mujyanama yabivuze mu izina rya Mitterand.

Mu mwaka w’1993 uwari Minisitiri w’Ubutwerane w’Ubufaransa Marcel Debarge yahamajwe i Kigari mu nama yagombaga gushyiraho ishyaka rifite ingufu ngo ryagombaga guhangana na FPR benshi bitaga inyenzi, inyangarwanda n’andi maziza. Muri ibyo bihe nibwo MRND na CDR Power byatangiye kwishyira hamwe.

Uwitwa Gérard Prunier avuga ko ibintu nk’ibi Ubufaransa bwakoraga bigaragaza neza uruhare rwabwo mu gutegura jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi kuko bahereye mu gushyigikira amashyaka yabibaga inzangano, ivanguramo n’irondakarere mu Banyarwanda.

Tariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ubwo indege yari itwaye Gen Major Juvenal Habyarimana yaraswaga agahita yitaba Imana, hakukiyeho “Cout d’Etat”, abari bayiyoboye batangira kwica abataravugaga rumwe nabo ndetse uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe Agatha Uwilingiimana wishwe mu gitondo cy’iya 7 Mata 1994, yiciwe muri metero zitari kure y’aho ambasade y’Abafaransa yakorereraga, aho ngo ninaho haje kwakirirwa abaminisitiri b’iyo guverinoma yari yiyise iy’abatabazi. Aho kandi ngo niho hanapangiwe gahunda zose zo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yahagaritswe n’inkotanyi nyuma y’iminsi ijana.

Aho kugira icyo bakora cyangwa ngo batabare abicwaga ahubwo ngo bakomeje kugirana imishyikirano na guverinoma yarimo gutsemba Abatutsi nk’uko Survie ikomeza ibivuga.

Ku itariki 27 Mata 1994 uwari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri Guverinoma y’Abatabazi Jerome Bicamumpaka ndetse na Jean Bosco Barayagwiza bakiriwe na Bruno Delaye mu ngoro ya Perezida w’Ubufaransa ndetse banakiriwe n’uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe Edouard Balladur na Alain Juppé wari Minisitiri w’Ububayi n’Amahanga w’Ubufansa bakaba ngo ari bamwe mu batumye hihutishwa umugambi wo kureba uburyo bafasha iyo guverinoma y’abatabazi, abari bayishyigikiye ndetse n’interahamwe kureba uburyo bahungira muri Zaire (Congo y’ubu).

Kubona ishusho nyayo ya Jenoside bakavunira ibiti mu matwi.

Ubuyobozi bw’Ubufaransa ngo bwari buzi neza ibyakorwaga mu Rwanda nk’uko byagaragagarijwe komisiyo y’Abadepide b’Ubufaransa mu 1998 ubwo iyo komisiyo yahamirizwaga ko Ambasaderi Martres n’uwari ushinzwe umutekano muri Ambasade Colonel Galinié bahuriye ku ijambo rimwe “Umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi” mu butumwa (télégrammes) bohereje mu gihugu cyabo. Muri ubwo butumwa bavuze ko Col Serubuga (uri mu Bufaransa na magingo aya) yatangaje ko ugutera kw’inkotanyi ariryo herezo ry’Abatutsi

Ubwicanyi bwagiye bukorwa mu myaka ya za 90, 91, 92 ndetse na 93 mu duce dutandukanye tw’u Rwanda, Ubufaransa ntibwigeze bwihishira kuko hari Abatutsi bicirwaga mu maso y’Abasirikare babwo bari mu Rwanda ndetse yamwe bamwe muribo basabaga indangamuntu uwanyuraga kuri bariyeri basanga ari Umututsi ntaharenge.

Abafaransa bageze n’aho barwana n’inkotanyi

Uretse ibyo twavugaga hejuru byakozwe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa, inzirabwoba zageze aho zisumbirizwa zitabaza abo basirikare, umunyamakuru wanditse iyi nkuru witwa Raphaël Doridant yavuze ko kuva mu mwaka w’1990 kugera mu 1993, Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bagiye bagaraga mu bitero byo kurwana n’Inkotanyi zitari zoroheye abasirikare ba Habyarimana. Uretse kubafasha ku rugamba babaha intwaro zikomeye abasirikare bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bahaga amahugurwa inzirabwoba; ku buryo hari n’aho byageze umwe mu basirikare bo mu nzego zo hejuru z’Ubufaransa aba umunyabanganga w’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo, abandi nabo bashyirwa mu myanya yo hejuru mu gisirikare.

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa kandi ngo ni bamwe mu bahaye imyitozo ikaze interahamwe, iyo myitozo ngo yabigisha uburyo bagomba kwica abantu benshi mu gihe gito. Ibi kandi niko byaje kugenda guhera ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, kuko Jenoside yakoranywe ubukana kandi vuba, kuko mu minsi ijana gusa hari hamaze gupfa abasaga miliyoni.

Ikindi ngo kigaragaza ko Ubufaransa bwari bushyigiye ibyabaga nk’uko Survie ikomeza ibivuga ni uko ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, uwari umuyobozi w’Imari muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo, colonel Kayumba yagiye i Paris mu mission yo gusaba umusada w’intwaro. Nyuma yo kubonana na Gen Jean-Pierre Huchon, wari ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga mu bya gisirikare, Ubufaransa bwohereje mu Rwanda intwaro incuro esheshatu, ndetse ngo izanyuma zoherejwe zanyuze ku kibuga cy’indege cya Goma cyagenzurwaga n’Abafaransa.

Opération Turquoise Gutabara abicwaga cyangwa guhungisha abicanyi?

Perezida Mitterrand ngo yabonye ibintu bisa n’aho bigeze iwa Ndabaga ategeka ko mu Rwanda hoherezwa abasirikare ngo baze batabare abicwaga ariko se koko byaribyo? Operation Turqouise yatangiye ku itariki ya  22 Kanama 1994, ariko ngo ubwo Abasirikare b’Abafaranga bagega mu gace k’Uburengerazuba n’amajyepfo (za Murambi na Bisesero) aho bari bashinze ibindiro, ngo ntacyo bafashije Abatutsi bari bahahungiye ahubwo interahamwe zababiciraga mu maso, abagore n’abakobwa bafatwaga ku ngufu, barebera nta no gukopfora. Igiteye kwibazwaho cyane ni uburyo banze gutabara abicwaga ahubwo bagaha inzira interahamwe n’inzirabwoba zigahungira muri Zaire.

Ubufaransa bwaba bwarashatse kuyobya uburari?

Kubera igitutu bwakomeje kwotswa na za Raporo zinyuranye ndetse n’Abanyarwanda batakwemye kuvuga uruhare rwabo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Ubufaransa ngo bwaba bwarashatse kugereka ibyakozwe n’abo bari barashyize ku ibere (Leta ya Habyarimana) kuri FPR Inkotanyi bavuga ko ariyo yaba yaragize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege yari itwaye Habyarimana, maze Jenoside igatangira ubwo.

Gusa ariko, ibi uyu munyamakuru yise umushibika w’ikinyoma, ngo washibukanye ba nyirawo kuko Jean Louis Bruguière watangiye dossier y’iki kirego yaje kugera aho dossier ayishyikire abacamanza Marc Trévidic na Nathalie Poux bakaza kugaragaza ko ibyashinjwaga FPR bidahwitse.

Raporo y’abo bacamanza yagaragaje ko uwarashe indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana n’abo bari kumwe, yari aherereye mu Kigo cya girikare cya Kanombe, ahabaga ibirindiro bikomeye by’ingabo z’u Rwanda(FAR). Ibi binyomaza amakuru yavuga ko hari umwe mu bazirikare ba FPR waba ariwe wahanuye indege. Ibyemejwe nayo byototera ibyakomeje kuvugwa cyane ko Habyarimana yaba yararashwe n’abasirikare bari bamaze kumwijundika kuko ngo yari amaze gusinya amasezeranyo yo kugabana ubutegetsi na FPR Inkotanyi.

Iyi raporo yakiriwe neza n’u Rwanda isa n’iyabaye ikimwaro ku Bufaransa ariko ikibazwa ni iki: Iki gihugu cyakunze kureba ay’ingwe n’u Rwanda kizageraho gicururuke, umubano ube nta makemwa? Kizageraho aho cyemera amakosa yose gishinjwa gisabe imbabazi? Cyangwa bizakomeza bibe aka wa mugani w’Umunyarwanda ugira uti ak’abaye icwende ntikoga? Ni ukubitega amaso.

UM– USEKE.RW