Hon Ntawukuriryayo ati”Bourse ya 25 000F yongerwe.” Min Papias ati “N’abayifuza bose ntibayibona”
Hon Senateri Dr Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo avuga ko ari Vice-Rector mu cyahoze ari UNR mu 1999 nabwo bourse yatangwaga ari 25 000
*Senateri J. D. Ntawukuriryayo ngo ko n’ubundi ari inguzanyo bayongeje,
*Min. Musafiri avuga ko 60% y’ababa bayasabye batayahabwa…Ngo ni ikibazo cy’amikoro.
Senateri Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo kuri uyu wa kane yatanze ubuvugizi ku bibazo biri mu burezi bwo mu mashuri makuru na za kaminuza, yavuze ko inguzanyo y’ibihumbi 25 ahabwa abanyeshuri yo kubafasha mu mibereho ari macye ugereranyije n’imibereho y’uyu munsi, avuga ko yakongerwa kuko n’ubundi aba ari inguzanyo izishyurwa. Minisitiri w’Uburezi, Dr Musafiri Malimba Papias wari watumijwe muri Sena uyu munsi we yavuze ko ikibazo ari amikoro kuko n’abayasaba bose atari ko bayahabwa.
Mu biganiro na Minisiteri y’Uburezi ku bibazo basanze mu burezi bwo mu mashuri makuru na za kaminuza, Abasentateri bagize Komisiyo y’Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage, Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Ibibazo by’Abaturage uyu munsi babwiye Minisiteri ko batabona aho bahera kuko uru rwego rwugarijwe n’ibibazo bikomeye.
Senateri Dr Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo wasaga nk’utanga ubuvugizi kuri bimwe mu bibazo byugarije abanyeshuri biga muri aya mashuri, yavuze ko inguzanyo y’ibihumbi 25 Frw ihabwa aba banyeshuri itabafasha gukemura ibibazo baba bafite.
Dr Ntawukuriryayo avuga ko uyu mubare umaze igihe ugenwe kandi ko wagenwe hagendewe ku mibereho yari iriho icyo gihe.
Ati “ Njyewe nari Vice Recteur wa Univerisite y’u Rwanda muri 1997, hashize imyaka 19, aya mafaranga ni yo abanyeshuri babonaga kandi ibyo basabwaga byari bicye, yego byari bihari ariko uyu munsi barasabwa byinshi ku mibereho yabo…”
Hon Ntawukuriryayo avuga ko Leta yari ikwiye kugira icyo ikora, yagize ati “ Kuko n’ubundi ni inguzanyo, hariho program nziza y’inguzanyo na program nziza yo kwishyuza…
Kuguririza umuntu ikintu kitazamugirira akamaro gituma adashobora kubaho, gukora memoire, gukora stage ubwo ntituba turi kubashukisha utuntu ngo nimugende mugeregeze mubeho uko mushoboye?”
Avuga ko ari na yo ntandaro ya bimwe mu byica ireme ry’uburezi kuko aya mafaranga ari yo bakoramo bakora imwe mu mikoro baba basabwa gukora nka memoire.
Ati “ Bazikora (memoire) bafatanyije ari batutu, bane,…hari n’aho bazivanyeho ukibaza umuntu ufatanyije memoire n’undi ubwo ni igitabo baba bari kwandika? “
Mu kumusubiza, Minisitiri w’Uburezi, Dr Musafiri Malimba Papias avuga ko ibi biterwa n’aho igihugu gikura. Ati “ Ibihumbi 25 bimaze igihe, ikibazo ni uko n’ababyifuza bose si ko bayabona.”
Dr Musafiri avuga ko abantu 40% by’aba bayasabye ari bo bonyine bayabona abandi 60% ntibayabone kandi na bo baba bemerewe kujya kwiga muri kaminuza.
Ati “ Iyaba twari tugeze n’aho tuvuga ngo nibura 80% y’abifuza ibi makumyabiri na bitanu bose barabibonye noneho tukavuga ngo iki turakirenze tugiye ku rwego rwo kuzamura.”
Ministiri Dr Musafiri akavuga ko Leta ibibona ko aya mafaranga ibihumbi 25 atajyanye n’igihe ariko ko amikoro y’igihugu atemerera Leta kugira icyo ayahinduraho.
Gusa avuga ko impinduka zo kujyana iyi gahunda muri Banki ishobora kuzabona abaterankunga, hakanashyirwaho uburyo buhamye bwo kwishyuza ayatanzwe iyi gahunda ishobora kuzazamuka hakanazamuka umubare w’abayahabwa.
Ibindi bibazo Abasenateri bagarutseho, birimo umubare munini w’abanyeshuri bigira mu ishuri rimwe, abarimo badafite ubumenyi buhagije cyangwa se ntibanigishe uko bikwiye n’ibikorwa remezo bikiri hasi.
Martin NIYONKURU
UM– USEKE.RW
English
43 Comments
Ngayo nguko????
ko dushishikariza abantu kubyarwa abo bashoboye kurera kuki Leta ikurikije amikoro yayo itakwigisha bake ariko neza ko bazavanamo ubimenyi buhangira imirimo abagarukiye secondary kuruta kwigisha benshi batabona akazi batazabona uko bishyura iyo nguzanyo?
Cyakora da, igisubizo cya minister kirumvikana!
Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko kuva muri 1997, iyi bourse baha abanyeshule yagabanutseho 63 %. Kandi nyamara economy y’igihugu ngo irazamuka hagati ya 7 na 10 %. Ibi bintu umuntu ubyumva neza yazadusobanuriye uburyo igihugu gitera imbera ariko ibyo Leta iha abaturage byo bigasubira inyuma.
kuva kuri $80 ukagera kuri $30 ibi babyita ngo iki Minister ?
Bimwe ni Realite ibindi biratechinitse. nta yindi mpamvu.
Babyiti ibipindi
we ntakundi yasubiza kuko abayeho neza gusa nubwo yaje muburez ntagishya azakora kuko azamera nkabamubanjirije kuko bose bageramo bakabya nyuma bakabyica byose.
None se Nyakubahwa Minister of Education, ko muvuga ko abayasaba bose batayahabwa biterwa niki kdi twe mwayahaye twishura ikibazo ni ikihe? abataratangira kwishura nabo navuga ko biterwa nuburangre bwa bashinzwe kwishuza kko nta muntu mutazi aho akorera ku buryo mwavuga ko mwananiwe kumwishuza. abayahawe muyasubize barumuna banyu bige neza.
Biriya Hon Ntawukuriryayo arimo abaza Minisitiri w’Uburezi MUSAFIRI Papias byo kongera ingano ya bourse ihabwa abanyeshuri biga muri Kaminuza sinzi niba we uwamuigra Minisitiri w’Uburezi yafata icyo cyemezo cyo koongera ingano y’amafaranga ya bourse??
Muri 1999-2002 Hon.Ntawukuriryayo yari “Minister of State in charge of Higher Education and Scientific Reserch” nyama ariko ntabwo yigeze atanga icyo gitekerezo muri Cabinet. Iyo wicaye mu ntebe y’ubaza ibibazo, biroroshye cyane kubaza uwicaye mu ntebe y’ababazwa.
Ariko iyo ubaza ashyizwe ku ntebe y’ubazwa, noneho bya bibazo yasunikiraga abandi akaba ariwe babisunikira, icyo gihe nibwo ubona ko ibyo wabazaga kubisubiza bitoroshye.
Uziko honorable Ntawukuriryayo arusha minister of education uburambe muri gouvernement? Icyo gihe yatangwaga na leta ubu ni inguzanyo za bank. Uziko aba azi byose aho biva? Kubyara abana benci bakarangiriza secondaire gusa no kugira bacye bazaminuza icyiza ni ikihe?kuki bishingira abo badashoboye.ese ubundi ko ubu ari inguzanyo aravuga ko nta mafr ahari nka nde?? Ni manager wa bank?? Ahubwo hano harimo ikibazo,gerant wa BRD Navuge ko batayabona byemerwe naho minister guhakana. Ibyo atazatanga harimo kwivanga mu ncingano
GUHAKANA JUST GUHAKANA…..
ubu inguzanyo ntiri mu maboko ye .umunyeshuri arakopwa n’umushoramari/bank minister kuki we atabakorera ubuvugizi ngo babakope agaragara?
Ayo mafaranga yavuye kuri RwF 11000/15.000 ajya kuri RwF25000 ku gihe yari muri iyo ministeri! Kuko yabaye RwF25000 muri 2000-2001 niba nibuka neza.
Niko @Salaud we, Hon. NTAWUKURIRYAYO J.D niwe ubwe wivugiye ati: “ Njyewe nari Vice Recteur wa Univerisite y’u Rwanda muri 1997, hashize imyaka 19, aya mafaranga ni yo abanyeshuri babonaga kandi ibyo basabwaga byari bicye, yego byari bihari ariko uyu munsi barasabwa byinshi ku mibereho yabo”
None ibyo wanditse ko 25.000 Frw ariwe wayashyizeho muri 200-2001 ubikuye he????
@ Rebasi, ibyo salaud avuga ni ukuri, Minister yibeshye (niba atari umunyamakuru wanditse ibyo atavuze). Inguzanyo muri 1997 yari FRw 11,000, yabaye FRw 25,000 muri za 2000 – 2001. Ibyo ndabihamya nk’umuntu wari uhari wanahawe izo nguzanyo zombi muri iyo myaka.
harigihe abantu nabo badasoma neza Hon, yashyizeho buruse yari ministre ?
NONE SE SINAYOBYE WE, NTAWUKURIRYAYO ABONE IKIBAZO NARANGIZA AREKE KUGITANGAZA NGO NUKO ARI WE UBIBAJIJWE ATABIKORA???
KUKI SE WUMVA KO ABAYE MINISTER ATAFATA UWO MWANZURO??? IKI KIBAZO KIRUMVIKANA MUVANDI.
“Min. PAPIAS WIHARANIRA GUHA BOURSE BENSHI BATAZAGIRA UMUMARO AHUBWO BAKE BAYAKWIRIYE BAHE MENSHI KUGIRANGO BAZAGIRE ICYO BAMARIRA ABO BASIZE INYUMA.
ubwo wowe uwaguha 25000 yagutunga? Ku kwezi kandi Uzi neza ko inzu ya make I Kigali ikodeshwa 30000 ubwo sinshyizemo imirire, gufotoza notes, ibikoresho by’isuku, imyambarire n’ibindi byose bigize basic needs.
nawe uri umuswa kabsa.umuntu ufata ibintu byo 1999 akabigereranya na 2016.
comment yawe irimo ubwenge bucye
Dr jDamascene ndamwumva nigitekerezo cye ni kiza pe ariya mafranga yakongerewe rwose ariko nawe arigiza nkana azi aho igihugu gikura kandi mber yo kubaza wa mugani ibyo kongerwa nibabanze na bariya 60% babahaze kuko kugeza na nubu harabana batarabona namafranga yukwezi kwa cyenda rero papias baramurenganya nawe ntabwo akura mu mufuka we kandi nabandi bamubanjirije ntago aruko bari banze ko bazamura ariya mafranga.kandi nubwo aringuzanyo ntago ari leta izayishyura nabanyeshuri bazayishyura kandi nabayitanga nibigo byimari bishaka inyungu so niba babona abarangiza kubona imikorere aribibazo urumvabo batabitekereza ikindi kandi muri ministere ya education harimo akajagari reba ariya mafranga aherutse kunyerezwa yari yagenewe amasoko 82 hagakorwa umunani yonyine amafranga agashira nabyo ntituramenya feedback yabyo nutanga inguzanyo ibyo byose arabireba ahubwo mwebwe mu nteko mwicare abasenateri nabadepite na ba ministre murebe aho ibintu bipfira murebe ko atarimwe nzitizi aho mujya kuvuga ku kibazo cyamaze gufata indi ntera.ni gute umuntu arya amafranga arenga miliyoni500 mukabibona yamaze gutoroka kandi yaragendaga arya macye macye,ikigaragara nuko akazi kadakorwa neza za audit nazo zidakorwa uko bikwiye.nukuri mwicare bayobozi murebe aho bipfira ahubundi murongezwa amafranga buri munsi mukagirango abantu hanze ntitubabaye
Siryo rya reme ry’uburezi se bavuga? Umuntu yiga yaburaye ngo akore ubushakashatsi ese urumva azatahana iki? Najya mu kazi se urumva azabikora gute?
Byinci bizamucika.
Kuki aba basenateri basaba ko hongerwa ingano y’amafaranga ya buruse ihabwa abanyaeshuri biga muri Kaminuza, ariko ntibanabaze cyangwa ngo basabe ko umushahara wa mwarimu w’intica ntikize wongerwa???!!!.
Niba bavuga ko umunyeshuri uhabwa 25.000 Frw/ku kwezi bituma yiga nabi bityo ireme ry’uburezi rikahazaharira, bakagombye no kumva ko na mwarimu uhembwa serumu ya 40.000 Frw/ku kwezi atazigisha neza, bityo nabwo ireme ry’uburezi rikahadindirira.
Kuki nta Musenateri cyangwa Umudepite n’umwe uratanga igitekerezo cyo kugabanya imishahara y’ikirenga y’Abayobozi bakuru bo muri iki gihugu (nabo ubwabo barimo), noneho ayo mafaranga igihugu cyungutse ku mishahara y’ikirenga yagabanijwe agashyirwa mu burezi, bityo bakongera umubare w’abahabwa inguzanyo ya buruse, bakongera ingano ya buruse, bakanongera umushahara wa mwarimu???!!!
Niba koko Senat y’u Rwanda ibona ko ingano ya buruse (25.000 Frw/ku kwezi)ihabwa abanyeshuri bo muri Kaminuza mu Rwanda idahagije, nibatange icyo kibazo muri Cabinet bayisabe kongera ayo mafaranga, ibyo rwose babifitiye uburenganzira, bareke gusa kwihererana Papias nkaho ariwe ufata umwanzuro wenyine.
Ariko nanone byumvikane ko na Papias nka Minisitiri w’Uburezi nawe afite ububasha (ndetse n’inshingano) bwo gufata “initiative” agashyikiriza icyo kibazo Inama y’Abaminisitiri/ Cabinet ikagifataho umwanzuro.
Byose byishwe no gufata kaminuza mukayigira nka primary school. Leta yakwishingira bake ishoboye kwigisha mu buryo buboneye (igafata aba mbere bagize amanota yo hejuru) aho guhora imurika ibihumbi by’abambara amakanzu ngo barangije kandi nta kintu na busa bazi. Si ngombwa rwose ko igihugu cyose kiga kaminuza! Nta n’ahandi ku isi biba. Ubu noneho nabonye uwo muhuye wese akubwira ko ari gukora Masters!!
papias ararengana bamuveho ikibazo ngo abarimu ni benshi ntibabongeza ngo babongeje haba ngubukene ariko mbona nyamara hari hakwiye kubaho gahunda ya izirike umukanda muyobozi byibuze buri muyobozi bakamukata ibihumbi magana atatu ku mushahara we byibuze mu gihe cyumwaka tukareba icyo byabyara ibyo bigakorwa ku bayobozi bose bafite salaire igera kuri huit cent mille
Ireme ry’uburezi ryo ryapfuye kera mu rwa Gasabo kandi n’abarihambye bose barasaze!
Twivugire iby’inzara mu baturagekuko nibyo bigezweho ubu.
Hahahah! Rugira rwose uranyishe pe n’ibitwenge !!! Oya rwose ndemeranya nawe reka twivugire inzara naho ibyo kwiga bye bye !
Honorable Ntawukuriryayo mishimira critical thinking ye. Nawe se ko abaganga nudufaranga twabafashaga mukwimenyereza umwuga badukuyeho, ubwo koko murumva ari bizima? nigute stagiaire azaba concentré mukazi ke inzara imwishe? naka bourse kurusenda. Ni hatali. Nta reme ryuburezi ritajyana nubushobozi.
Iki kibazo kizaza mu mushyikirano tu!
ehhe!
Sinzi ibyamabanki ariko Nyakubahwa Minister yadusobanurira niba abanyeshuri bakigurizwa na leta cyangwa se bakababaragiranye na Bank amasezerano y’amafaranga adashobora guhinduka naho ibindi byakwigwa munama.Ikibazo ni icyabanyarwanda kiragomba nogushakirwa umuti n’abanyarwanda. Naho senateur yakoze ubuvugizi kandi mbona bufite ishingiro umuntu atakwirengagiza.
Izi mpaka zose kuri buruse y’abanyeshuri ntabwo ari ngombwa, mu gihe dufite Prezida watugejeje kuri byose. Ikihutirwa ni ukumusingiza uko bikwiye kubera ibigwi bye, kandi tukamuhundagazaho amjwi muri 2017, ngo yongere atuyobore ikindi gisekuru.
Yes man uri Yes man koko. Ubu urumva rero ibyo bavuga bidafite ishingiro, ahubwo his excellence n’abo bafatanyije kuyobora babyigaho hakarebwa icyakorwa. Njye mbona gahunda yo kwishuza ikozwe neza barumuna bacu nabo bakwiga neza. Njye narangije kwishyura ariko hari bagenzi banjye dukorana bavugako batakwishyira ubishyuza. Wasangaga kwishyura bisa n’ubushake bw’umuntu ku giti cye.
Namwe murenganya leta!abafashaga abo banyeshuri muri secondaire iyo bigeze muri kaminuza babaharira leta se Ku buryo igomba kubigisha,ikabambika,ikabagaburira,ikanabacumbikira? Come on!
Joseph,
Ugomba kumenya ko Leta gukurikirana umuturage ari nshingano zayo.
kandi kwigisha abana bayo biyireba, ibyo uvuga rero sinzi ibyo ushingiyeho.
leta niyabaturage, kandi nabayo,
Aho sinzi niba tuzi u Rwanda turimo. Ni igihugu gifite agaciro kwisi gishaka kugabanya umubare w’abatunzwe nubuhinzi kikongera umubare w’abikorera binyuze mu bumenyi ngiro by’umwihariko. Ibyo benshi tubibona nka gahunda nziza arko rero twongere dusubire inyuma gato :ibi bizashoboka koko? Ikibazo nyamukuru cy’ubukene n’imibereho mibi biterwa n’abayobozi bamwe bakuru babaye imbata y’ikinyoma. Simpamya rero ko iyo bourse ihora ivugwa izatangwa ku banyeshuri biga mu rwanda abayobozi bakiri ba bandi ahubwo kuko bize mu mahanga bazagumya kongera iy’abajya kwiga mu mahanga kuko niho bazi mbese yayobora urwanda batazi.
Icyifuzo :Nyakubahwa Perezida wa rep. tabara urubyiruko rwawe ruri muri za kaminuza ubafashe kongera inguzanyo bahabwa kuko bameze nabi cyanecyane mu ishami ry’ubuzima nahandi kuko ni akumiro. Murakoze!
Uyu munsi iyo abakozi ba Leta basaba kongererwa umushahara kubera ko uwo bahembwa utagendanye n’igihe bigakorwa, ni uko Leta na yo ibizi ko bikenewe. Twize muri University of Rwanda ikiri UNR, tunacumbikirwa, badutekera neza tukishyura make, uyu munsi iyo ugeze i Butare kuri UR ubona bibabaje. Nta munyeshuri wabaho kuriya ngo azatange umusaruro mu gihe kizaza. Iki kibazo kuki gihora kibazwa ntigikemuke? Bahora bavuga ngo nta mikoro,ngo hashyizwe imbaraga mu bikorasho by’ishuri n’ibikorwa remezo by’amashuri….etc…Yego ibyo byose birakenewe, hanakenewe benshi bize ariko se abatazagira ubushobozi bwo gupiganwa ku isoko ry’umurimo abo nibo Igihugu gikeneye? AYO MAFARANGA RWOSE NIYONGERWE KUKO IYO UMUNYESHURI CYANGWA MWARIMU BABAYEHO NABI, BIGIRA INGARUKA KU IREME RY’UBUREZI. Igihugu kiratera imbere biragaragara twese turabibona ariko iyo UBUREZI butabungabunzwe ngo umunyeshuri na mwarimu bafashwe mu buryo bufatika, ntacyo twaba duteganyiriza ejo hazaza. Twibuke ko uburezi bufite ireme ari urufunguzo rw’iterambere ry’igihugu.
” Tubyare abo dushoboye kurera”. Imvugo nziza. Iyo bigeze mu burezi twagombye kuvuga gute? ” Twigishe abo dutezeho umusaruro ushimishije”. Education pour tous aho bucyera iraturogera abana n’ igihugu……Ngayo nguko.
U Rwanda hali byinshi ibihugu bindi bitwigiraho aliko natwe hali byinhsi twakwigira ku bindi. Uburezi ni ingenzi ku gihugu. Igihugu nka Bénin gikurikirana n’u Rwanda muli classement ya Human development index buli munyeshuli wese urangije umwaka wa mbere afite amanota 12/20 ahita abona bourse ya leta (ntabwo ali inguzanyo) ihwanye na 400.000 CFA ku mwaka (ugereranyije 520.000 Frw). Hejuru y’ibyo hali bus, restaurant na homes by’abanyeshuli bifite ibiciro byorohereza abanyeshuli. Muli Bénin waba umwana w’umukene nyakujya, waba umwana w’umukire buli wese ubona afite amahirwe angana yo kwiga université. Valens
Ok. mwese ibyo muvuga wagirango nta esprit d’analyse mugira; ibyo Dr Ntawukuriryayo avuga birumvikana neza cyane, amafaranga batanga ni inguzanyo;guhabwa inguzanyo rero y’intica ntikize, n’iyica rubozo, byumvikane gutyo.
Ibyo Ntawukuriryayo avuga ni ukuri niharebwe uburyo hanozwa inguzanyo kuko ibihetugezemo ntaho bihuriye namafaranga ibihumbi25 niba bashakako ireme ry’uburezi rizamuka.
IKINTANGAZA N’UKO KURI RADIO IWACU ABATURAGE BAVUGA KO BAKIZE, KAZI NI KAZI ABANTU BABARA MU MAMIRIYONI
MINISTRE MUSAFIRI ATI URWANDA RURAKENNYE? SIMBYUMVA PE NONESE KO NTA KARERE KARATAMBUTSA IKIGANIRO NGO UMUNYESHURI AVUGE KO WE
YABUZE AYA MEMOIRE NGO PRESIDENT ABIMENYE AHO NTITUGENDERA MU KIGARE? MUZUMVE RADIO DIMACHE SAA BILI NIMWUMVA HARI UVUZE UBUKENE
MINISTRE AZAGABANYE BOURSE NAHABWAGA.
AGATINZE KAZAZA NI AMENYO YA RUGURU
Hon. Jean damascene ibyo yavuze Nibyo kuko amafaranga ari gutangwa yo gifasha abanyeshuki ni make ugereranyije nubuzima buriho muri iyi minsi, Kdi bibuke ko school fees yo bayongera. None kuki batongera ibitunga abazishyura iyo school fees? Uwazabaha 25000 frw bakajya mu isoko umunsi umwe bagahaha kubiciro biriho ku isoko maze banishyuremo inzu banatege at ari na research ubwayo Cyangwa internship zikorwa nabanyeshuli maze barebe ko umunsi umwe gusa azarebe ko byavamo. Bibaye byiza hashakwa Uko babona ubufanye nibindi bigo nayo akongerwa kuko ubuzima buragoye Murakoze.
Rwose minister yivugako amafaranga ari make kuko ariya ntatangwa na ministeri ahubwo atangwa na bank. keretse niba avugako bank ariyo ifite ubukene, kandi nabwo bashaka undi ushoboye kuyongera ariko tukabaho neza. yagakwiye kutuvuganira bakayongera Aho kudutaba. ikindi muzaze mwirebere UR huye campus ndetse nahandi, usanga twiga duhekeranye kuburyo harinda kwifashishwa speakers kugirango tubashe kumva, ese birakwiye ko kaminuza ibaho idafite ibyumba bihagije byamashuli?? Rwose birababaje pe. gusa intandaro yabyose nuko bariya baba barize kaminuza, zo hanze bakaza batazi uko umunyeshuli womurwanda abayeho. buriya ubajije nka minister NSENGIMANA yakubwira neza uko bino bibazo bimeze kuko we yize UR, naho abandi bo Rwose baratwica nabi ntibareba uko ibiciro bihagaze kwisoko……… ahaaaa.
Bavandi ibitekerezo byanyu ni byiza gusa nibaza igihe ubukene leta itaka buzashirira intero ni ntaho dukura ubundi ngo miliyali mu kigega agaciro development fund ziratsitse ubundi ngo ubukungu bw’urwanda bwiyongera buri gihembwe emwe jye biranshobera gusa mureke ejobundi twitorere umusaza byibuze we ashobora gufata umwanzuro uhamye muri ubwo bushobozi buke duhora dutaka.
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