Hérodote: Umuhanga watangije ubushakashatsi ku Mateka

Ubu hashize imyaka 2400 uyu mugabo wakundaga kubaza, kwitegereza no kwandika abayeho. Izina rye rizwi ni Hérodote. Kubera ko yabayeho mu Bugereki bwarimo imijyi ihora ihanganye mu ntambara kugira ngo irusheho kugira imbaraga, Hérodote yabashije gukusanya ubuhamya yahawe n’abantu bazirebeye n’amaso, arabaza , aritegereza arandika arangije azishyira ku mugaragaro ibyo yagezeho.

Mu mwaka wa 490 kugeza 480 mbere ya Yesu, Hérodote yiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi ku ntambara Abagereki barwanaga n’Abaperesi.

Nubwo yari akiri muto yagiraga amatsiko menshi yamusunikiraga gushaka kumenya icyayiteye. Nyuma yaje no kwandika ku ntambara Abaperesi bagabye mu bihugu byose bigaruriye.

Ubusanzwe umuhanga mu mateka yandika ‘ibirenze amateka’. Aba azi isano ibintu runaka bigirana kugira ngo bitume habaho amateka ‘nyakuri’ yaranze umuryango w’abantu runaka. Hérodote yari azi kubara inkuru cyane.

Yasobanuraga inkuru mu buryo bunoze kandi bushishikaje. Kubera ko nta buryo bwe bwo kubona amakuru ayakuye ku butegetsi cyangwa mu bandi bahanga yari afite, Hérodote yafashe umwanya we arashakashaka, arandika.

Nubwo yabajije bamwe mu baturage n’ingabo zari kuri rugamba runaka, yirindaga kubaza abakuru b’ingabo cyangwa abandi bantu byashobokaga ko bagira uruhande bahengamiraho.

Mu gihe cye ababashaga kwandika bari bake kandi bakandika barata ibigwi by’abantu runaka kandi nabwo bakandika ku bibumbano(tablets).

Tablets tuvuga hano zitandukanye na za zindi dukoresha muri iki gihe z’ikoranabuhanga n’ubwo abakora tekinoloji y’ubu aribyo bakomoyeho igitekerezo.

Hérodote yabashaga gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru yabonaga binyuze mu gutembera mu bihugu bitandukanye abaza kandi yitegereza ibintu byose birebana n’ingingo yabaga ashaga gukoraho ubushakashatsi.

Nanone kandi yiyemeje kujya mu gice cy’Amajyaruguru, yerekeza ku Nyanja Yirabura (Mer Noire).

Agezeyo yasanze ari ngombwa ko yajya no mu Majyepfo yerekeza muri Palestina no mu Misiri y’Epfo mu gifaransa bita Basse Egypte. Yageze n’i Babuloni ndetse no mu Butaliyani.

Nk’uko igazeti ya Nimukanguke!yandikwa n’Abahamya ba Yehova yo muri Nzeri, 2015 yabivuze, Hérodote yakoze akazi buri muhanga mu mateka wese yaha agaciro.

Kuba yaranditse ibyo yiboneye n’amaso ye aho yagiye anyura, bituma ibyo yanditse bihabya agaciro mu ruhando rw’abahanga.

Uko yagiye asobanura mu bitabo bye yise Histories imihango yakorwaga mu gihe cyo gushyingura abami b’Abasikuti cyangwa uko Abanyamisiri bosaga imirambo( momification) bihuje neza n’ibyo abahanga mu byataburuwe mu matongo babonye.

Umwe mu bahanga mu mateka yabwiye Umuseke ko ibyo Hérodote yanditse birenze ibyo undi munyamateka wese yanditse kuri Misiri ya mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko hari ihame abanyamateka bagenderaho. Uretse n’ibyo abantu bo mu gihe cye bemeraga ko ibigirwamana bigira imibereho mu mibereho yabo.

Ubwo rero dukurikije ibyo abahanga mu mateka y’iki gihe baheraho bavuga ko amateka runaka yakwizerwa(kuko ubundi nta mateka y’ukuri cyangwa ay’ibinyoma abaho), ntawakwemeza ko ibyo yanditse byakwizerwa mu buryo budasubirwaho.

N’ikimenyimenyi nawe yemeje ko ibyo yanditse byose bidakwiye kwitwa ukuri kudasubirwaho.
Iri ubundi niryo hame mu bushakashatsi bwa gihanga.

Mu by’ukuri ibyo yakoze birahambaye dukurikije ubushobozi yari afite mu gihe cye! Abanyamateka bazahora bamuha icyubahiro ibihe byose.

Nk’umuntu wabonye byinshi  Herodote yigeze kuvuga ati: ” Mu bihe by’amahoro, abana bashyingura ababyeyi babo. Mu bihe by’intambara, ababyeyi bagashyingura abana babo”

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA

UM– USEKE.RW