Guhumeka umwuka wanduye byica abatuye Africa 600 000 ku mwaka- UNEP

Raporo yiswe Global Environmental Outlook, GEO-6, y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ritya ku bidukikije iratangaza ko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko guhumeka umwuka uhumanye uterwa n’imyotsi y’inganda, ibinyuabiziga, mu bikoni aho batekesha inkwi n’ibindi bisohora umwotsi bihitana abatuye Africa bagera ku bihumbi 600 buri mwaka.

Kuri 26% ry’imfu z’abantu miliyoni 12.6 bapfa bazira ibiza cyangwa ibindi bintu biterwa n’imiterere y’ibidukikije(environmental factors), Ishami rya UN ryita ku buzima ritangaza ko muri rusange umwuka wanduye uhitana abantu miliyoni zirindwi ku Isi buri mwaka.

Umwuka wanduzwa n’utuvungukira tuwujyamo tuvuye mu bicanwa

Utu tuvungukira tutaboneshwa amaso iyo tugeze mu mubiri no mu mwuka dutuma abantu barwara indwara z’ubuhumekero, tukangiza ibindi binyabuzima bitunga abantu harimo inyamaswa n’ibimera cyane cyane ibinyampeke.

Kuba hari ibinyabuzima byangirika ibindi bigapfa bitewe n’ingaruka z’umwuka uhumanye, bituma hari insobe z’ibinyabuzima zigenda zikendeera.

Umwuka uhumanywa akenshi n’uburozi bita carbon dioxide (CO2) iyi ikaba iva cyane cyane mu binyabiziga.
Uretse carbon dioxide iva mu binyabiziga bya moteri n’ahandi, hari undi mwuka uva mu bicanwa nk’inkwi witwa carbon monoxide, uyu ukaba ariwo utera indwara z’ubuhumekero nyinshi.

Abantu benshi ngo barwara Asthma bayitewe n’umwuka uhumanye bita black carbon uyu ukagira uruhare mu kwikora k’undi mwuka witwa fine particle air pollution(PM2.5).

Abagore bahumeka uyu mwuka batwite bakunda kubyara abana badashyitse. Utera indwara z’umutima na cancer y’ibihaha.

Imibare itangwa n’Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima(WHO/OMS) yemeza ko ikigero cy’ububi bw’umwuka uhumanye uva mu mijyi ujya mu kirere kikubye inshuro 8% guhera 2008 kugeza 2013.

80% by’abatuye imijyi bafite akaga ko guhumeka umwuka uhumanye ku kigero kirenga icyo OMS ifata nk’ikidakabije, ubuzima bwa bamwe burazahara, nibabashe gukora bityo ibintu bikagenda nabi.

Muri Africa ho biba ibindi bindi kuko uko imijyi yaguka, bitagendana n’ishyirwaho ry’ibikorwa remezo bityo abantu bakabaho mu buryo bakenera inkwi cyangwa amakara bizamura imyuka mibi ku buzima bwabo.

Ubusanzwe abahanga bapima uko imyuka iri mu kirere yifashe bakoresheje ibyo bita Air Quality Index (AQI).

Uko ibipimo bya AQI bizamuka ni uko n’ibinyabuzima biba bizazahara kubera guhumeka umwuka wanduye.

Gusa Africa yugarijwe bikomeye nta byuma bigezweho ifite byo gupima ikigero cyo kwandura kw’iyi myuka bityo n’ingamba zo kwirinda ntabwo ziba zishingiye ku makuru yuzuye.

Abayobozi ba Africa ariko ngo bagomba gukomeza gufata ingamba bagakumira iyangirika ry’ikirere kuko ingaruka ari mbi cyane.

Iyi raporo ariko ivuga ko ibihugu byinshi bya Africa bidashyira imbaraga mu kwirinda nko gukoresha ingufu ziva ku mirasire y’izuba.

Iyi raporo ya UNEP yiswe The Actions in Air Quality yashimye ibihugu bimwe bya Africa harimo n’u Rwanda ko byashyizeho Politiki zo gukumiira ibinyabiziga bisohora ibyuka bihumanya bikaba byizewe izi Politiki nizikurikizwa bizagabanya iriya myuka ku gipimo cya 90%.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW