BRICS: Banki ije guhangana n’imbaraga za ‘Occident’ ku Isi

Brazil, Russia, India, Chine na South Africa tariki 15 Nyakanga i Fortaleza muri Brazil byemeranyijwe gushyiraho Banki imwe y’iterambere. Uburusiya buyibona nka Banki yo guhangana n’imbaraga z’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi bifatwa nk’Umujandarume w’Isi. Dilma Russeff uyobora Brazil we yavuze ko iyi Banki ije guha ubukungu bw’isi ikindi kicaro (reconfiguration).

Hari rwagati mu gikombe cy’isi, ubwo Isi yari ihanze amaso uko imikino yagendaga,  ba Nyakubahwa bo bari bahangayikishijwe na  gahunda zikomeye . Mu iki gihe rero  nibwo izi gahunda zumvikanweho hagati ya Vladimir Poutine, Narendra Modi, Dilma Rousseff, Xi Jinping na Jacob Zuma aho muri Brazil.

Iyi Banki yiswe mu mpine BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, Chine na South Africa) ikazatangira gukora neza mu 2016 itangiranye imari shingiro ya miliyari 100 z’amadorari; 41 zizatangwa n’Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Brazil n’Uburusiya buri kimwe kigatanga miliyari 18 naho South Africa igatanga eshanu (5) nk’uko bitangazwa na Jeune Afrique.

Iyi Banki aba bayitangije bavuga ko izaba igamije gutera inkunga ibikorwa remezo by’ibi bihugu bitanu biyitangije, hanyuma n’ibindi bihugu bizagenda biyibera abanyamuryango nyuma. Izaba ifite ikicaro i Shanghai, umuyobozi wayo wa mbere akazaba ari umuhinde uzamara imyaka itanu.

Kuki iyi Banki ishyizweho?

Ibi bihugu byonyine ababituye ni 41,6% by’abatuye Isi yose, byihariye 19.8% by’ubutunzi bw’Isi, ariko ngo bisanga bidafite ijambo rihagije muri systeme (Breton Woods) y’uko ubutunzi bw’isi  bugenzurwa mu bigo bya Banki y’Isi n’ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari (FMI).

Ubushinwa busanga ngo butumva ukuntu nk’ igihugu cya kabiri mu gukomera ku Isi (puissance economique) bwenda kuganya ijambo ryo gutora n’Ubutaliyani. Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zikaba ngo zitifuza ko haba impinduka mu micungire y’ubukungu ku Isi zifujwe kuva mu 2010 zatumye Ubushinwa bukomeza kwimwa ijambo.

Indi mpamvu itangazwa y’ishyirwaho ry’iyi Banki y’ibihugu bitanu ngo ni ugufasha iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Ari Banki y’Isi, ari naza Banki zitsura amajyambere zo ku migabane ya Africa, Aziya, America y’Epfo n’Uburayi bw’Uburasirazuba, zose zifite imari shingiro ya miliyari 100, nta n’imwe ngo irabasha gufasha mu buryo bugaragara ibikorwa remezo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Ibi bihugu bitangije BRICS  ngo  byari birambiwe amabwiriza n’amananiza aherekezwa n’impano n’inguzanyo bitangwa na Banki y’Isi cyangwa FMI.

Anton Silouanov Ministre w’Imari w’Uburusiya avuga ko ibiherekeza izo nguzanyo n’inkunga za Banki y’Isi na FMI birimo gusaba abahawe izi nkunga guhindura imiterere y’inzego, kugabanya abakozi, kwegurira abikorera ibigo bya Leta n’ibindi …, bigasanga ibi ari ukwivanga gukabije mu bukungu n’imibereho by’ibihugu, ibintu ngo bitakwihanganirwa.

Cristina Kirchner Perezida wa Argentine wari watumiwe mu nama yashyizeho BRICS we yavuze ko biriya bigo icyo bikora ari “ugukomeza ubuzima bw’abatuye ibihugu aho kubazanira ibisubizo.”

 USA yikanze.

Gushyirwaho kwa BRICS kwatangiye gukangaranya Amerika ya Obama. Uguhangana gukomeye gushobora kuba kugiye kwaduka hagati ya BRICS na systeme ya Breton Woods (FMI na Banki y’Isi) igenzurwa ahanini na Amerika n’inshuti zayo zo mu burengerazuba n’amajyaruguru y’Isi.

Congres ya Amerika yaba ubu ngo yatangiye kureba niba koko imiterere y’uko ibihugu bihagarariwe cyangwa bifite ijambo muri FMI itahinduka kugira ngo ibintu birusheho korohera benshi.

Ibihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo ibyinshi ubu ngo byiteguye kwinjira muri BRICS bwangu, nyuma yo kunanirwa gushyiraho “South Bank” yari yatekerejwe na nyakwigendera Hugo Chavez.

Ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa buri kuzamuka umusubizo (7.5% uyu mwaka) ngo bwiteguye gufasha inshuti zo muri Amerika yepfo kuzahuka nyuma y’igihe kinini bugenda gahoro, FMI na Banki y’Isi bigatungwa agatoki kutorohereza Amerika y’Epfo (Latine America) kuzamuka.

Africa iri aho itegereje ufite gahunda.  

Imyenda ya Banki y’Isi na FMI ni myinshi mu bihugu byacu bya Africa, ikizere si kinini muri izi gahunda za Breton Woods z’uburyo ubukungu bw’Isi buyobowe. BRICS ni ubundi buryo (Option) ku iterambere rya Africa, Africa y’Epfo ni urugero rwiza ruyitangiriyemo. Buri gihugu muri Africa kiracunze ngo gisingire amahirwe mashya ashobora gutangwa n’izi mpembe ebyiri ziyoboye ubukungu bw’Isi.

Africa ariko nicyo kibuga (development field) cyonyine gisigaye cyo gushoramo no gukuramo inyungu nini. Buri ruhande niho ruhanze ijisho.

Barack Obama we aherutse gutumira abayobozi b’ibihugu byose bya Africa. Gahunda ntiyari Politiki ahubwo  yari ubukungu. ‘Ni gute twakorana namwe (Africa)?’ niyo yari intero urebye.

Ubushinwa buyoboye BRICS (nibwo bufitemo menshi) ni umufatanyabikorwa mwiza, w’inzara nke udakeneye gukamuramo Africa ikiyirimo cyose ahubwo akahavana inyungu ariko nayo ihasize inyungu igaragara kandi ku kigero buri wese yibonamo.

Bisa naho ikizere ari cyose kuri Africa kubera amahitamo abiri y’abafatanyabikorwa ishobora kuba ifite mu myaka iri imbere.

Ibihugu byinshi bya Amerika n’Uburayi ubukungu bwabyo burazamuka ku kigero gito cyane ndetse byinshi bwasubiye inyuma, nta bundi buryo busigaye bwo kuzamuka uretse kuzamukana n’abatarazamuka (Africa). Cyangwa gusubiza ibintu hasi hakoreshejwe intambara zikomeye   ibintu bigatangira bushya, ibi ni ibitangazwa na bamwe mu nzobere mu bukungu bw’Isi.

Abayoboye isi mu bukungu bari mu mibare ikomeye cyane ishingiye ahanini kuri Africa, abayoboye Africa ntawukwiye gukora ikosa.

UM– USEKE.RW