Ibitabo 10 byagize uruhare mu ngendo zo kuvumbura ibihugu n’imigabane

Umuntu wahimbye imashini yandika bavuga ko ariwe  wavumbuye ikintu gikomeye kurusha abandi kw’Isi kuko yatumwe ubuhanga bwiyongera kandi bugakwira ku Isi  mu buryo bwihuse. Uwo mugabo yitwaga Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, yari umucuzi w’Umudage wavutse  muri gashyantare  1395 agatabaruka muri 1468.

Gusa mbere ye nabwo barandikaga ku mpu cyangwa se ku cyo twagereranya n’impapuro ariko zikoze mu mfunzo zitwaga Papyrus Codex. Muri iyi nkuru harimo urutonde rw’ibitabo bifatwa nkaho byagize uruhare rugaragara mu kuvumbura ibihugu bitari bizwi cyangwa se imigabane.

Urwo rutonde nk’uko turukesha  uwitwa Tony Perrottet wandika mu kinyamakuru National Geographic Journal rukurikirana rutya:

1. 1.      Histories cyanditwe na Hérodote

Iki gitabo gihanganye n’ibindi nka Odyssey na Illiad  zanditswe na Homère, wari umusizi w’Umugereki wo  Kinyejana cya  Munani mbere ya Yesu mu bijyanye no kwemeza ko ariyo nyandiko yagize uruhare mu kumenya ahantu henshi ku isi. Ariko  hari n’abandi bemeza badashidikanya ko Histories  ya Hérodote ariyo nyandiko mu by’ukuri yatumye abantu bamenya ahantu henshi hatandukanye mu bihugu bikikije Inyanja ya Mediterane. Yatanze amakuru ku miterere y’igihugu nka Misiri n’ahandi hatandukanye muri kariya gace.

1. 2.      The Travels cyanditwe na Marco Polo c.1300

Kuva aho agarukiye avuye mu ngendo ze mu Bushinwa, Ubuperesi na Indoneziya, ingendo zamaze imyaka makumyabiri, Marco Polo yanditse igitabo  gikubiyemo inkuru zibyamubaye ho  we na bavandimwe be babiri. Abantu bazisomye bumvaga ari amakabyankuru gusa. Bivugwa ko muri icyo gitabo yagarutse ku bwiza bw’imigi yari mu Bushnwa by’icyo gihe, avuga ku mico  ndetse agaruka no ku mishykirano yagiranye n’Umwami witwaga Kublai Khan w’ u Bushinwa bwicyo gihe.

Ariko ikintu cyatumwe icyo gitabo kimenyekana cyane ngo  ni ukuntu yashushanyije ikarita y’ahantu henshi yagiye aca bityo agategurira inzira abandi bari kuzashaka gusura bya bihugu twavuze haruguru.

1. 3.      A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy cyanditswe na Laurence Sterne, 1768

Ubundi ngo kera abana b’ ibikomangoma bajyaga kwiga cyangwa gutembera mu mijyi ifite isuku  kandi irimo intiti nyinshi mu bihugu by’Uburayi nka Paris  mu Bufaransa cyangwa Venise, Roma na Naple mu Butaliyani. Igitabo cya Laurence gikusanyirijwe mo ubwiza bwari muri iyo mijyi, kikavuga ku bibumbano bihagaze muri yo, za Katedalari zihambaye zari zubatsweyo n’ibindi. Abo bantu b’ibikomerezwa  bajyagayo bashaka ubutunzi cyangwa ubumenyi bwari bugiye kuboneka ahandi mu Burayi. Na n’ubu abantu batangazwa n’ubwiza bw’iyo migi.

4. The innocents Abroad cyanditswe na Mark Twain, 1869

Ubwo yoherezwaga nk’umunyamakuru wari uherekeje itsinda  ryari rigiye kureba  uko ibihugu by’Uburayi bwo mu gihe cye byateye imbere yakusanyije inkuru zitandukanye, nyuma yaje kunononsora yitonze agashyiramo n’amagambo arimo urwenya kuko n’ubundi azwi nk’umunyarwenya ukomeye wabayeho ku isi. Izo nkuru zarakunzwe kandi zibera urugero abahanga mu b’Ubumenyi bw’Isi mu kwiga Uburayi babyitondeye. Muri iki gihe Innocents Abroad  kiri mu bitabo bicye abantu bagisoma bagaseka ariko bakanamenya uko Uburayi bwari buteye muri kiriya gihe.

Iki gitabo kiswe kuriya kubera ko ngo aho bacaga bavugishaga abantu ntibabumve, ugasanga  abantu bari baherekeje Mark Twain barashyamirana n’abenegihugu. Twain rero yasanze impande zombi zari Innocents (Inzirakarengane) zarapfaga ubusa kuko zitumvikana.

5. Siren Land cyanditswe na Norman Douglas, 1911

Kuva kera birazwi ko umujyi wa Paris mu Bufaransa na Capri mu Butaliyani ariyo yari imijyi yarushaga iyindi mu Burayi abahanga mu bugeni. Gusa ariko ngo ubu iyo mijyi izwi ho kugira ibibumbano bigaragaraho abantu bambaye ubusa cyangwa se benda ku bwambara.

Iri zina rya Siren Land ngo yarikomoye kuri Norman Douglas muri  ya mivugo ya Illiad na Odyssey, aho Capri ivugwa ko yari indiri ya Sirens (iyi mvugo ikaba yaraganishaga ku bagore ngo beza cyane ariko b’imico itari mwiza bo mu Bugereki bwa kera ngo bashoboraga gutuma abasare barohama bakoresheje amajwi yabo akangana). Abantu benshi  bari batuye muri ako gace bakunze izo nkuru z’uriya mugabo  kubera ukuntu zishishikaje  ndetse rimwe  na rimwe zikanasetsa.

6. The Valley of Assassins cyanditswe na Freya Stark, 1934

Mu gihe  cy’ubutegetsi bw’Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza, Alexandrina Victoria (1819-1901) abanditsi b’abagore bari benshi ariko badahabwa agaciro kandi n’abagabo bandikaga ntibandike inkuru zishishikaza abagore.

Mu w’1930, Stark yanditse igitabo yerekana  uko abagore bajyaga bafata igihe bakajya ahantu bakandika  cyangwa se bagasoma. Yibanjirijeho avuga ukuntu yatembereye mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati (muri Aziya:Israel,Liban,Iran,Syria n’ibindi). Akomeza avuga k’ urugendo yagiriye muri Irani agasura amatongo yitirirwaga Seven Lords of Alamut aherereye mu misozi miremire ya Elburz. Igitabo kimaze kujya ahagaragara, abagore batangiye kujya  gutembera ku bwinshi mu duce twa kure.

7. In the Road cyanditswe na Jack Kerouac, 1957

Iki gitabo gito  ngo cyagize ingaruka cyane ku bantu bagisomye kuko cyatumye bakunda kutemberera ahantu kure n’iyo babaga batahazi. Umugabo wacyanditse avugamo ukuntu batenmbereye mu bice bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Gusa ariko ngo ukurikije ukuntu icyo gitabo cyanditse ngo gishobora gutuma abagisoma bashirika ubwoba bakaba bakishora mu ngendo zatuma bahura n’akaga, aha cyane cyane urubyiruko rukaba  ari rwo rutungwa agatoki. Gusa ariko ngo ni igitabo kiryohera abagisoma.

8. Accross Asia on the Cheap cyanditswe na Tony na Maureen Wheeler, 1973

Aba basore banditse ukuntu bavuye muri London mu Bwongereza bakagera muri Sydney muri Australia n’ibibazo bahuriye nabyo mu nzira. Bavugamo restora baririyemo guhera I Teheran muri Iran kugeza I Jakarita muri Indoneziya. Igitabo cyabo gifite paji 90. Cyakunzwe kubera ukuntu abantu bari bafite amashyushyu yo kumenya amakuru y’ibihugu byari biherutse kuvumburwa  muri icyo gihe. Nyuma haje gushingwa umuryango wo kugurisha ibyo bitabo ndetse no kubibika mu buhanga bugezweho kuri Mudasobwa, ukaba utuye muri Melbourne, Australia.

9. In Patagonia cyanditswe na Bruce Chatwin,1977

Iki gitabo cyandikanywe ubuhanga buhanitse, kivuga ku kuntu  akarere ka Patagonia  kari gatatse ibiti byiza byera imbuto za Vignette. Abantu bakunze icyo gitabo kubera ukuntu gitaka ako gace baza kugasura.

10. A Year in Provence Cyanditswe na Peter Mayle, 1989

Mayle avuga ukuntu yahunze akarere kabi k’Ubwongereza maze yimukira mu Bufaransa mu karere ka Ménerbes. Abantu bakomeje kwibaza impamvu z’uko guhunga  bituma basoma icyo gitabo.

Source: National Geographic

Nizeyimana Jean Pierre.

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