Ikinyarwanda cyanjye nawe…Dusogongere ku byiza by’ururimi rwacu

*Ndisegura ko nkoresheje amabwiriza acyuye igihe (amashya aracyari mu nzibacyuho),
*Mu ntangiro za 1900 cyatangiye kwandikwa n’Abamisiyoneri mu icengezamatwara,
*Amabwiriza y’imyandikire avuguruwe inshuro 13, amenshi ni ay’abantu ku giti cyabo,

Iminsi itanu (5) yashize nkifite inyota, nifuzaga gusoma nkacurura nkashira icyaka nkumva icyanga, nkicara nkiyambura icyasha cyo kubaho ntazi amateka y’ururimi rwacu. Nari ndi mu mahugurwa y’imikoreshereze y’ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. Nasanze nta mutungo ungana ururimi rwacu rwafashije data na maama kumenyana, rugafasha ba nyogokuru na ba sogokuru gushyikirana no guhuza urugwiro ubu nkaba ndi Umunyarwanda.

Ndi umwenerurimi w’Ikinyarwanda, ndi umunyamakuru wabyigiye ukoresha ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, ndakwiseguraho kuko maze imyaka itanu nandika muri uru rurimi rutagira ingurane ariko ntazi amateka yarwo.

Mu Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda rya 2003 ryavuguruwe muri 2015, ingingo ya munani (8) igira iti “Ururimi rw’Igihugu ni Ikinyarwanda. Indimi zemewe mu butegetsi ni Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza n’Igifaransa. Itegeko Ngenga rishobora kongera cyangwa kugabanya indimi zemewe mu butegetsi. (ubu hagiye kongerwamo n’igiswayili).

Inyandiko z’ubutegetsi zishobora kuba mu rurimi rumwe cyangwa ebyiri cyangwa zose mu zemewe mu butegetsi.”

Mu gitero cya kabiri cy’indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cy’u Rwanda hari umurongo ugira uti “…Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza…”

Ibi byose bigaragaza agaciro gahabwa ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda gihatse umuco, imigirire n’imitekerereze ya bene Kanyarwanda.

Burya si twe twatangiye kukiyandikira…Ishusho y’amabwiriza y’imyandikire yacyo

Mu ntangiro ya 1900 ni bwo abamisiyoneri b’abera batangije imyandikire y’ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda bashaka koroshya inzira yo gukomeza gucengeza mu banyarwanda amatwara y’iyobokamana.

Mu 1911, Padiri Hurel Eugène yashyize hanze igitabo kitwa Manuel de grammaire Kinyarwanda kigaragaza imyandikire y’Ikinyarwanda.

Aya mabwiriza yavugaga ko kwandika ikinyarwanda bigomba gushingira ku iyigamvugo aho gushingira ko iyigantego n’iyigamajwi. Uyu mupadiri yavugaga ko iyo umuntu yanditse uko avuga akora amakosa menshi.

Mu 1921-1931, Padiri Schumacher Pierre na we yazanye amabwiriza ye ashingiye ku byo umuntu avuga anumva gusa azanamo amajwi atamenyerewe mu Kinyarwanda nka dj; djy; rdjy; bv.

Yazanyemo uburyo bwo kwandika amasaku ariko ntibwakoreshwa kubera impamvu zitandukanye zirimo kuvanga  amasaku n’iyitsa no kwitiranya ubugejuru n’ubutinde bw’ijambo.

Mu 1960, Padiri Kagame Alexis yazanye amabwiriza ashingiye ku isesengura ry’amagambo ashyiraho ibihekane bishingiye ku turemajambo (iyigantego).

Mu 1952-1980, inzobere mu iyigandimi André Coupez yazanye amabwiriza akuraho ku itonde ry’inyuguti ya L, anifuza ko ko inyuguti yo mu gihekane hagati irekwa (impfura  ikaba imfura, intsina ikaba insina).

Mu 1978, Inama ya mbere y’Igihugu ku myandikire y’ikinyarwanda yasabye ko igihekane ‘Bw’ cyandikwa gikoreshwa ahantu hose no mu ijambo Kabwayi (Kabgayi).

Iyi nama kandi yasabye ko aho kwandika jye, jyi, jyo, jyu, jya, cye, cyi, cyo, cyu, cya hajya handikwa ge, gi, gyo, gyu, gya, ke, ki, kyo, kyu, kya no gukorsha ibihekane nka nf, nv, ns, nsh aho kwandika mpf, mf, mv, nts, nc.

Mu 1985, Minisitiri Col Nsekalije Aloys yashyize hanze amabwiriza mashya agena ko ijambo Kabgayi rikomeza kwandikwa uku, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inyuguti ya L, itandukanya ry’amagambo (kuwa…bikaba ku wa…), yanagenaga imyandikire y’amazina bwite no kwerekana ubutinde n’imiterere y’amasaku mu nyandiko ya gihanga.

Kuwa 08/10/2014 Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco yashyize hanze amabwiriza avuguruye ajya guhura n’aya yo mu 1985.

Interamatsiko kuri yo…

Imihini mishya itera amabavu. Aya mabwiriza ataravuzweho rumwe yakozwe hagendewe ku bipimo byifashishwa mu kugena imyandikire y’ururimi birimo kugabanya ibimenyetso, korohereza abenerurimi gusoma no kwandika Ikinyarwanda.

Aya mabwiriza agena ko inyuguti ya “L” ikoreshwa mu magambo atatu gusa (Kigali, Repubulika na Leta) no mu mazina bwite y’amanyamahanga y’abantu cyanwa ahantu.

Agena ko gukurikiranya inyajwi bitagomba kurenza eshatu. Nko mu irangamutima (Yooooooo! Bakandika Yooo!).

Ibihekane “(n)jy” na “(n)cy” byandikwa gusa imbere y’inyajwi “a”, “o” na “u”. Imbere y’inyajwi “i” cyangwa “e” handikwa “(n)gi”, “(n)ge”, “(n)ki”, “(n)ke”.

Ibihekane bigizwe n’ingombajwi “ts”, “pf” na “c” zibanjirijwe n’inyamazuru byandikwa: “ns”, “mf”, “nsh”. (Insinzi, Imfizi, inshuti).

Aya mabwiriza agena ko usibye mu ijambo Kabgayi, ingombajwi y’igihekane ‘Bg’ nta handi yemewe gukoreshwa.

Inyajwi “i” isoza akabimbura “nyiri”, n’inshinga mburabuzi “ni” na “si” ntizikatwa (nyiri ubuhanga, Amasunzu si amasaka, icyatumye ntaza ni uko ndwaye). Ijambo ‘Nyiri’ rishobora gufatana n’ijambo ribanjirije mu magambo amwe n’amwe y’icyubahiro (Nyiricyubahiro).

Amazina bwite y’abantu n’ahantu y’amavamahanga atari ay’idini n’amazina bwite y’ibihugu n’ay’uturere y’amahanga yandikwa uko avugwa mu Kinyarwanda,). nyuma bagashyira mu dukubo uko asanzwe yandikwa mu rurimi akomokamo. Ferepo (Fraipont); Cadi (Tchad).

Nta mutungo ungana ururimi rwacu

Intiti Prof Niyomugabo Sipiriyani watangiye adusogongeza ku cyanga ry’ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, yagarutse ku mateka yarwo, avuga ko ari rwo rubumbatiye ubuzima bwacu kuko rwafashije abasogokuru n’abasogakuruza bacu gushyikirana kugira ngo tugere aho tugeze ubu.

Uyu mugabo w’umuhanga mu iyigandimi yanyuzagamo agashyenga mu Kinyarwanda cyuje umwimerere, akadusaba gukomera amashyi ururimi rwacu nanjye aho nari nicaye nkumva ntewe ishema n’ururimi rwacu.

Niyomugabo avuga ko uru rurimi kavukire we yita ‘Urumaama’ ari rwo ababyeyi bacu bonse natwe bakarudusangiza, akavuga ko burya n’Umunyarwanda wavukiye mu mahanga Ikinyarwanda agifata nk’ururimi kavukire kandi ahora yifuza kukivuga no kukimenya neza.

Ku munsi wa kane ubanziriza uwa nyuma, Umuhanzi w’umwanditsi, Gasimba Francois Xavier na we yadusogongeje ku mvugo n’inyandiko za gihanga.

Uyu mugabo wanditse ‘Isiha rusahuzi’ mu 1987 avuga ko inyandiko za gihanga zitandukana n’inyandiko zisanzwe, gusa akavuga ko izi nyandiko zishobora gutatira imyandikire inoze kugira ngo umwanditsi areshye abasomyi.

Gasimba wanatuganirije ku myanya y’ibanga, yanyuzagamo agatera indirimbo zabaga zimujemo ako kanya, gusa ukumva zuje ubuhanga. Ni inidirimbo zirata ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda.

Ku munsi wa nyuma, twaganirijwe n’Intiti Ambasaderi Mfizi Christophe, Dogiteri Ndahiro Alfred, Mbungiramihigo Peacemaker na Padiri Kayisabe Vedaste bose batugaragarije uruhare rw’Umunyamakuru mu kubungabunga ururimi n’Umuco by’u Rwanda.

Aba bagabo b’inararibonye mu by’indimi na Politiki bahuriza ku kuba ibikorerwa mu gihugu byose bifitanye isano n’ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda ruhatse Umuco nyarwanda ufasha abaturarwanda kugaragaza itandukaniro n’abandi.

Padiri Kayisabe Vedaste uyobora Seminari nto ya Kabgayi avuga ko afite inzozi ko mu myaka iri imbere amasomo yose yigishwa abana b’u Rwanda azajya atangwa mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda.

Bamwe mu bahugurwaga bavuze ko bitashoboka kuko twize mu ndimi z’amahanga kuko bene izo ndimi babaga bafite byinshi basangiza amahanga. Padiri Kayisabe ati “ None se twe nta byo dufite twasangiza amahanga?”

Iki gitekerezo gisa nk’icyashyize akadomo kuri aya mahugurwa ntigitandukanye n’ibyatangajwe ku munsi wa mbere na Prof Niyomugabo Sipiriyani uyobora Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco wavuze ko ubu ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda ruri kwigishwa mu bihugu bitandukanye ku Isi no muri Amerika.

Ntawashidikanya ko buri munyarwanda akwiye guterwa ishema n’igihugu ke ariko burya biba agahebuzo n’iyo yiyumvisemo ururimi kavukire (Ikinyarwanda) kurusha izindi ndimi kuko ari cyo cyonyine gishobora kumutandukanya n’abanyamahanga bahuje uruhu (Abirabura).

Terwa ishema n’ururimi rwawe!

Martin NIYONKURU
UM– USEKE.RW