Manda ya II: Paul Kagame yageze ku ntego z’UMUTEKANO N’UBUSUGIRE BY’IGIHUGU?

Muri Manda ya kabiri, Perezida Paul Kagame hari byinshi yemereye Abanyarwanda ko azabagezaho mu myaka irindwi, bikubiye mu cyiswe “Gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka irindwi”. Mu gihe habura amezi macye ngo manda ya kabiri irangire, UM– USEKE ukomeje kubagezaho inkuru zigaragaza ibyagezweho n’ibitaragezweho mubyo yemereye abaturage, dushingiye ku bipimo bihari.

Inkuru iheruka yagarutse ku ‘Inkingi ya mbere y’Imiyoborere myiza’, muri Porogaramu ya kabiri y’UBUKANGURAMBAGA.

Uyu munsi turareba kuri Porogaramu ya kane y’UMUTEKANO N’UBUSUGIRE BY’IGIHUGU” mu nkingi y’imiyoborere myiza.

Amahoro n’umudendezo mu miyoborere y’Igihugu ni  iby’ingenzi bishoboza abenegihugu gukora bakiteza imbere. Aha, Guverinoma yahize ko izibanda ku guharanira ubusugire bw’u Rwanda, umutekano usesuye ku Baturarwanda no ku mutungo wabo.

Ingingo ya mbere kuri iyi Porogaramu ivuga ku “Kurwanya abagishaka guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda “negative forces” aho baturuka hose hakoreshejwe ubuhanga, ubutwari na discipline.”

Perezida Paul Kagame yumva cyane akamaro k’umutekano no kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu yabigarutseho kenshi mu mbwirwaruhame ze ko aribyo by’ibanze.

Muri iyi manda ya kabiri nibwo hongeye kuza ubwoba bw’intambara by’umwihariko ku baturage bo mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba bw’amajyaruguru kubera ibitero byagiye bituruka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC).

Mu 2012, 2013 na 2014, kubera intambara muri DR Congo hagati y’umutwe wa M23 n’ingabo za Leta n’abari bazishyigikiye hari amasasu yagiye agwa mu Rwanda asenyera abaturage ndetse hari n’abo yahitanye.

Ibyo bisasu n’amasasu mato yagwaga mu Rwanda, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yaje kuyafata nk’ubushotoranyi, nayo intwaro nini i Kigali zerekeza ku mupaka w’u Rwanda i Rubavu kurinda ubusigire bw’igihugu, icyo gihe abateraga ibisasu i Rubavu bigasenyera abantu birahagarara.

Nyuma y’intambara y’abacengezi, iki nicyo gihe Abaturarwanda bongeye kwikanga intambara, ariko ikibazo cyakemutse nta ntambara ibayeho. Nubwo FDLR muri kiriya gihe yakomeje kugaba ibitero bya hato na hato mu bice by’u Rwanda bihana imbibe na DR Congo ariko nayo yaje gucibwa intege kugeza ubu.

Muri rusange muri iyi manda nibwo abaturarwanda barushijeho kubona umutekano usesuye w’igihugu, abanyamahanga benshi bagendereye u Rwanda bagiye bashima uko u Rwanda ruhagaze mu by’umutekano.

Raporo n’inyandiko zitangazwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nyinshi zikunze gushyira u Rwanda mu bihugu bya mbere bitekanye muri Africa.

Icyo ibipimo by’amahoro n’umutekano bivuga

Muri iyi manda ya kabiri ya Perezida Paul Kagame hari ibikorwa byinshi byakozwe mu gukomeza umutekano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu, no kwongerera ubushobozi inzego z’Igisirikare na Polisi, n’izindi bakorana mu kurinda umutekano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu.

Icyegeranyo mpuzamahanga ku mudendezo “UL Safety Index” cyo giherutse gushyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 20 muri Africa.

Naho igipimo mpuzamahanga “Global Peace Index (GPI)” mu mwaka wa 2016 yo yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 33 muri Africa, n’uwa 128 ku isi, mu gihe mu 2010 yarushyiraga ku mwanya wa 75 ku Isi.

Raporo y’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’imiyoborere (Rwanda Governance Board/RGB) yitwa ‘Rwanda Governance Scorecard’ ya 2016 yo igaragaza ko igipimo cy’umudendezo n’amahoro (SAFETY AND SECURITY) kiri kuri 92.62%, igipimo cyo kubungabunga umutekano (Maintaining security) kiri kuri 94.44%, igipimo cy’umutekano w’igihugu (National security) kikaba kuri 99.73%, hanyuma igipimo cy’umudendezo wa muntu n’ibintu (Personal and Property Safety) kikaba kuri 89.20%.

Indi raporo ya RGB ku ‘Ishusho y’uko Abaturage babona Imiyoborere n’Imitangire ya Serivisi mu Nzego zibegereye’ yo ikagaragaza ko Umutekano uri ku gipimo cya 90.0%, naho icy’Umudendezo w’abaturage n’ibibazo by’ihohoterwa kikaba 80.7%.

Raporo ya Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge “Rwanda Reconciliation Barometer” y’umwaka wa 2015 igaragaza ko igipimo cy’umutekano n’imibereho myiza (Security and wellbeing) kiri kuri 90.7%, mu gihe muri 2010 cyari 74.7%. Mu myaka itanu gusa, iki gipimo cyazamutseho 16%.

By’umwihariko iyi raporo igaragaza ko igipimo cy’umutekano w’igihugu (National security) kiri kuri 96.8%, naho umutekano wa muntu (Personal security) ukaba kuri 95.4%.

Ingingo ya kabiri; Gukomeza gushimangira imikoranire myiza hagati y’inzego zishinzwe umutekano w’Igihugu;

Aha nta byinshi twahavuga, gusa inzego z’umutekano nk’igisirikare, Polisi, DASSO n’inzego z’umutekano z’abaturage ku rwego rw’ibanze nk’irondo na ‘Community Police’ zarushijeho gukorana muri gahunda zo gusigasira umutekano. Kandi izi nzego zose zongererwa ubushobozi.

Polisi n’ingabo z’u Rwanda zarushije kwegera abaturage, ku buryo ku rwego rw’umurenge uhabasanga.

Mu byegeranyo bya Police ku mutekano w’igihugu itangaza buri mwakayerekana intambwe mu kurwanya ibyaha bigenda byiyongera uko iterambere riza n’ikoranabuhanga.

Ibyaha bihungabanya umutekano imbere mu gihugu ibigaragara kenshi ni ibishingiye ku biyobyabwenge. Bitatu mu byaha bitanu bya mbere biteza umutekano mu mucye mu gihugu biba bishingiye ku cyaha cyo gukoresha cyangwa gukwirakwiza biyobyabwenge.

Ingingo ya gatatu; Gukomeza kwitabira no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bigarura amahoro n’umutekano mu karere n’andi mahanga;

Aha, u Rwanda ni indashyikirwa ku rwego rw’isi ndetse rukomeje kubishimirwa n’umuryango w’abibumbye (UN) n’Umuryango wa Africa yunze ubumwe (AU) kubera uruhare rugira mu kubungabunga amahoro n’umutekano ku isi, ndetse ingabo n’abapolisi b’u Rwanda bagiye bambikwa imidari mu bihugu binyuranye.

Muri iyi manda, u Rwanda rwohereje ingabo mu gihugu cya Centrafrica zibasha guhosha intambara n’ubwicanyi byarimo biyogoza iki gihugu, ndetse zigirirwa ikizere cyane n’abaturage kubera gahunda (operations) zo kurokora abaturage bari mu kaga zagiye zikora.

Kubera ubunyabwunga zaje guhabwa ikizere zishingwa kurinda abayobozi bakuru n’ibiro by’inzego za Leta z’icyo gihugu.

Ingabo z’u Rwanda na Polisi kandi zagiye mu bindi bihugu nka Haiti, Sudani y’Epfo, Mali, n’ahandi hanyuranye. Aho zagiye zambikwa imidari y’ishimwe kubera umurimo mwiza n’umusaruro.

Ingingo ya kane; Gukomeza kubaka ubushobozi bw’Ingabo na Polisi by’Igihugu, umutwe w’Inkeragutabara “Reserve Forces”, Umutwe wo kurwanya iterabwoba “Anti Terrorism Unit”, Urwego rushinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa “RWANDA Correctional Services”, no kunoza imikorere ya “Community Policing”; bityo umubare w’ibyaha ugabanukeho nibura 80%;

Iyi ntego ya Guverinoma yagezweho, by’umwihariko ku birebana no kwongerera ubushobozi ziriya nzego. Inkeragutabara ubu zirakomeye, n’urwego rurwanya iterabwoba ‘Counter Terrorism Unit (CTU)’ rwashyizweho, n’izindi nzego z’umutekano muri rusange zagiye zongererwa ubushobozi mu buryo bw’ibikoresho n’amahugurwa,  ingabo na Polisi ubu bafite ibigo bitanga amahugurwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ingingo ya gatanu; Gukomeza kunoza ubufatanye bwa Polisi y’Igihugu n’ibigo by’abikorera mu gucunga umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu (Public Private Partnership), inzego za Polisi zikagezwaho amakuru y’icyaha cyamenyekanye mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe kandi nayo igatabara mu gihe kitarenze iminota 30;

Nubwo Police yagerageje ntawakwemeza ko byagezweho ku gipimo cyo hejuru, dore ko usanga abaturage bakunze kwinubira gutinda gutabara kwa Polisi hamwe na hamwe.

Police ishishikariza abaturage kwihutira gutabaza na cyane cyane gutanga amakuru mbere mu rwego rwo gukumira ibyaha kuko uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru bwazamutse kubera ikoranabuhanga rya Telefone.

Ingingo ya gatandatu; Kubaka ubushobozi bwo kuburira, gukumira no guhangana n’ibiza; 90% by’ibiza bikaba byateguriwe ingamba zibikumira n’ubutabazi bwihuse, igihe cyo kubona ubutabazi bw’ibanze ntikirenge amasaha 24, ariko bitabujije ko byakorwa mu gihe gito aho bishoboka;

Kuri iyi ngingo Minisiteri ishinzwe gukumira Ibiza yagaragaye mu butabazi bwihuse ku bahuye n’ibiza mu bice binyuranye by’u Rwanda, ariko uburyo bwo kubikumira bwo buracyari hasi cyane.

Ibiza nk’imvura, imiyaga n’izuba ryinshi ari nabyo bikunze guteza akaga mu Rwanda, bikunze gutungura abaturage kandi bigasanga nta cyakozwe ngo babashe guhangana nabyo.

Ingingo ya karindi; Kwita ku buryo bwo kurwanya ibihungabanya umutekano hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (Cyberspace Security);

Muri iyi myaka irenga itandatu, u Rwanda rwagiye rugabwaho ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga, gusa nta na rimwe Leta yigeze itangaza ko biteye inkeke.

Kuva mu 2015, Guverinoma iri muri gahunda yo gushyiraho Politiki y’igihugu y’umutekano ku ikoranabuhanga (National Cyber Security Policy/NCSP) rijyanye na gahunda y’igihugu y’umutekano ku ikoranabuhanga (National Cyber Security strategic Plan). Hari na gahunda yo gushyiraho ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano ku ikoranabuhanga (National Cyber Security Agency – NCSA). Nubwo imikorere yabyo itaragaragara.

Muri iyi manda, ariko u Rwanda rwarushijeho kwegereza abanyarwanda ‘content’ bakenera cyane, ikaba ibitse mu Rwanda, akenshi mubona imbuga nkoranyambaga zibitse cyangwa imbuga za internet z’amakuru mu Rwanda zibika amakuru yazo mu Rwanda, ibi byongereye uburyo bwo kurinda ayo makuru.

Ingingo ya munani; Gukomeza kurwanya itungwa n’ikoreshwa ry’intwaro mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko;

Aha nta byinshi twavuga, kuko akenshi nta raporo zigaragaza ibyakozwe kuri iyi ngingo. Ndetse n’ibyaha bikomoka ku gutunga intwaro mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bikaba biri ku kigero cyo hasi cyane mu Rwanda muri rusange.

Ingingo ya cyenda; Gukomeza gufasha ingabo zavuye ku rugerero kwinjira mu buzima busanzwe no kuzorohereza kubona ubumenyingiro buzifasha kwibeshaho neza.

Binyuze cyane cyane muri Minisiteri y’ingabo, ingabo zavuye ku rugerero by’umwihariko izifite ubumuga zubakiwe inzu, ndetse binyuze no mu rwego rw’Inkeragutabara n’abandi bakomeza gufashwa mu buryo bw’imibereho.

Mu nkuru izakurikiraho tuzabagezaho Porogaramu ya gatanu (5) igaruka ku ‘UBUBANYI N’AMAHANGA’.

Vénuste KAMANZI
UM– USEKE.RW