Birashoboka ko Africa yatana n’ubukene n’inzara?

*Mu Rwanda hafunguwe ikigo kizafasha ibihugu bya Africa kugera ku ntego z’Iterambere Rirambye (SDGs)
*Muri izi ntego harimo kurandura burundu ubukene n’inzara, imibereho myiza no kwegereza ibikorwa remezo abaturage,…zose hamwe ni 17.

Mu nama yakurikiye ifungurwa ry’ikigo gishinzwe gufasha ibihugu bya Africa kugera ku Ntego z’Iterambere Rirambye (SDGs), abayobozi banyuranye bagaragaje ko Afrika ikiri kure cyane, bisaba ko habaho ubufatanye bw’inzego zose, imiyoborere ikavugururwa kandi abayobozi bakita ku gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo biyemeje.

Muri Africa mwaka wa 2012, abaturage bagera kuri 43% bari munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene, ndetse abagera kuri miliyoni 600 ntibagira umuriro w’amashanyarazi. Mu ntego za SDGs, mu 2030, Africa igomba kuba nta mukene igifite.

Africa niwo mugabane wugarijwe cyane n’ikibazo cy’inzara, nyamara urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwakayifashije guhangana n’iki kibazo bukorwa nabi bibabaje.

Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere ivuga ko Africa ifite 65% by’ubutaka bwera ku isi, gusa hafi 80% by’ubwo butaka ntibutanga umusaruro uhagije kuko bumwe budahingwa, ubundi bukaba bufite ibibazo by’inyongeramusaruro n’ifumbire.

Ibi bituma, buri mwaka Africa itumiza mu yindi migabane ibiribwa bifite agaciro ka Miliyari 35 z’amadolari ya America.

Guverinoma za Africa zigasabwa gushora imari mu mbuto, uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka burambye, no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro n’ifumbire, n’ibindi byose byatuma ubuhinzi butera imbere.

Raporo ya ‘SDG Center for Africa’ Umuseke wasomye isaba ibihugu bya Africa kandi kwita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Banki y’Isi mu 2014, yatangaje ko Africa ititaye ku kubungabunga ibidukikije ubushyuhe bukaba bwakwiyongeraho ‘degree Celsius’ ebyiri, Africa yahita itakaza hagati ya 40% na 80% by’ubutaka buhingwaho ibihingwa binyuranye bitunga abaturage.

Ibihugu bya Africa kandi birasabwa guhangana n’ikibazo cy’Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage. Ibarurishamibare rya Africa riteganya ko mu 20100, abaturage ba Africa yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara bazaba bikubye inshuro enye, ngo bazava munsi ya miliyari bagere hejuru ya miliyari 3,5.

Ibi bigateza ibibazo mu igenamigambi ry’ibikorwaremezo, n’iterambere muri rusange ry’ibihugu bya Africa.

Imbogamizi ni nyinshi mu buzima, uburezi, ikoranamubuhanga, imibereho byiza, ingufu z’amashanyarazi, imirimo n’ibindi byinshi, gusa hari ikizere.

Admassu Yilma Tadesse, Umuyobozi wa Banki y’Ubucuruzi n’Iterambere y’Akarere ka Africa y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo izwi nka ‘PTA’ yavuze ko kugira ngo Africa irenge ibi bibazo bikomeye, bisaba ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyo ibihugu biba byiyemeje ryihuta.

Yagize ati “Ushobora kugira za Politiki nziza, ariko zidashyizwe mu bikorwa, inzego zibishinzwe zidatanze umusaruro ntakizagerwaho,…Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye ubu, ni ukumvisha abafata imyanzuro ko gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo biyemeje nabyo ari ngombwa byiyongera ku ituze (stability).”

Minisitiri w’Imari n’igenamigambi w’u Rwanda, Amb.Claver Gatete we yavuze ko kugira ngo izi ntego zikubiye muri SDGs zigerweho bisaba imiyoborere myiza iyobora kuri iryo terembere.

Ati “…birasaba n’ubufatanye hagati y’abikorera, imiryango nterankunga, ibigo mpuzamahanga by’imari, n’abafatanyabikorwa bose.

Hanyuma bigashyirwa mu bikorwa n’abaturage bose, bivuze ko bagomba kuba babyumva kandi babyemera, bakagira uruhare mubikorwa.”

Amb. Gatete yavuze ko igenamigambi rigomba guherekezwa na Politiki ziyishyigikira, kandi abaturage bose bakaba bafite icyerekezo kimwe.

Avuga ko iyo ufite ibyo byose, ikiba gisigaye ari uburyo bishyirwa mu bikorwa, n’uburyo abantu bagira uruhare muri izo gahunda. Ibi ngo bikozwe neza uba ushobora kugera ku iterambere ryihuse kandi mu gihe gito.

Ku rundi ruhande, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa COMESA Sindiso Ngwenya nawe yavuze ko kugira ngo intego za SDGs zigerweho bisaba ubufatanye hahati ya Leta, abikorera, abahanga mu mashuri (academia), Sosiyete Sivili, n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kuko ngo aricyo ahanini Africa iri kubura.

Gusa, yongeraho ko Africa igomba no kubakira ku byiza byagezweho no kwigira ku byiza abandi bagezeho.

Hari icyo u Rwanda rwitegura guhindura ngo rugere kuri izi ntego?

Minisitiri Amb. Claver Gatete yabwiye Umuseke ko u Rwanda ruzabanza kurinda ibyagezweho, ariko noneho ruharanira koongeraho.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ngo u Rwanda ruzashyiraho ibipimo byarwo kuri buri ngamba ikubiye muri SDGs.

Ati “Muzabibona kuko tuzabishyira ahagaragara. Icyo dushaka ni ukurinda ibyagezweho kandi tugatera indi ntambwe.”

Min. Gatete avuga ko u Rwanda rugiye kubakira kubyo rwabashije kugeraho mu Ntego z’Ikinyagihumbi (MDGs), rwubake Iterambere Rirambye.

Ati “Turashaka kugira ngo tugere ku bipimo byose, kuko turashaka icyateza imbere umunyarwanda, ni nayo mpamvu Perezida wa Repubulika yashyize umukono kuri aya amasezerano kubera ko ashaka ko ubukungu bwacu butera imbere, imibereho myiza itera imbere.

Turashaka ko amazi agera muri buri rugo, turashaka imiturire myiza, turashaka ubukungu buteye imbere, turashaka ko ikoranabuhanga rigera kuri buri wese, turashaka ibidukikije, turashaka buri kimwe cyose gikubiye muri ziriya ngamba, ibyo rero twebwe turavuga tuti turakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo turebe ko twashyiraho gahunda zatuma tubigeraho muri iriya myaka 15.”

U Rwanda, ruri mu bihugu bya mbere byitwaye neza ku isi mu kugeraku bipimo rwihaye mu Ntego z’Ikinyagihumbi (MDGs), ariko izo rutagezeho ni izi eshatu;

*Rwari rwiyemeje kugabanya ubukene kugera kuri 30.2% byageze kuri 39.1%.
*Kugabanya igipimo cy’abana bagwingira kikagera kuri 24.5%, ntibyakunze cyageze kuri 38%.
*Kongera igipimo cy’abagore bari mu mirimo ihemba neza itari iy’ubuhinzi bagombaga kuba 50%, ubu bari kuri 27.3%.

Vénuste KAMANZI
UM– USEKE.RW