Ikoranabuhanga rya Crispr-Cas9 rishobora guca Cancer

Iterambere mu buvuzi no mu bumenyi bwimbitse ku turemangingo fatizo (genetics) rigeze ku rwego rwo kubasha guhindura imiterere yatwo hagamijwe gukumira ingaruka abana bakomora ku babyeyi babo zishobora kubatera indwara nka cancers cyangwa indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeye nka Schizophrenia.

Ikinyamakuru cy’Ikigo cyitwa Broad Institute gisobanura ko iri koranabuhanga ryifashisha uburyo bugezweho bwo gutuma ibice runaka by’intimatima y’urwungano rw’uturemangingo fatizo (DNA) bihabwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kutarwara cyangwa kwangizwa n’udukoko bita bacteria cyangwa za viruses.

Ijambo CRISPR mu magambo arambuye bisonura Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.

Ubu buryo bufasha abahanga mu miterere y’intimatima y’uturemangingo fatizo babasha kugena uko izaba imeze bityo bakaba bayirinda kuzandura cyangwa kwanduzwa na za ‘bacteria’.

Abakurikiranira hafi iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi bavuga ko ubu buryo buzafasha mu bihe biri imbere abaganga kubuza abantu kuzarwara indwara nka cancers cyangwa izindi zikomeye zihererekanywa ku mubyeyi n’umwana uzamukomokaho.

Muri Nzeri 2015, abahanga bo mu nzu y’ubushakashatsi yitwa Zhang Lab mu Bushinwa bakoresheje bumwe muri ubu buhanga bise CRISPR-Cpf1.

Ubu buhanga bwavumbuwe n’umushakashatsi wo muri Kaminuza ya Alicante muri Espagne witwa Francisca Mojica.

Yabuvumbuye ahereye ku miterere y’urubobi (archaea) ndetse aza no kwifashisha imiterere ya za bacteria asanga bishoboka ko umuntu yahindura imiterere yabyo ashingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo zibigize  akabifasha kutibasirwa n’udukoko nka viruses n’ibindi.

Ubu buhanga butuma ingirabuzima fatizo zibasha mu kwibuka imiterere ya za bacteria cyangwa viruses ku buryo zitemera ko hari izindi zakwirema ngo zitere za cancers.

Ubusanzwe kugira ngo cancers zibeho biterwa no kwisubiramo kwa za genes zangiritse bityo aho ziri hakagenda hatakaza ubushobozi bwo kwisana no gukorana neza n’aho bituranye, umubiri ugatakaza intege zo kwiyubaka, ukarwara.

Muri 2013 nibwo abahanga bo muri Feng Zhang Lab (mu Bushinwa) no muri Kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga  ya Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) bashyize ku mugaragaro ubu buhanga butavugwago rumwe n’abashakashatsi.

Abahanga ngo bakoresha  CRISPR-Cas9  mu guhindura imikorere ya protein yitwa PD-1 iba mu turemangingo fatizo twitwa T cells.

Ibi bituma T cells zibasha gukumira ikintu cyose cyaza kwangiza imikorere ya PD-1 binyuze mu kongera ubudahangarwa byayo.

Bamwe bavuga ko Crispr-Cas9 izatuma Isi itongera kugira abahanga bakomeye cyane

Dr James Kozubek avuga ko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nka ririya rigamije guhindura imiterere y’intimatima y’urwungano rw’uturemangingo fatizo, bizatuma abantu bavukanaga ubwenge bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru bagabanuka ndetse babe bacika mu Isi buhoro buhoro.

Abantu bitwa ‘les genies’ nka Stephen Hawking ngo bazacika ku isi niba ubuhanga Crispr-Cas9 bukomeje gukoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi.

Kuri we ngo guhindura imiterere ya genes bishobora koko kugabanya ubwinshi bw’abarwara za cancers ariko nanone abahanga bakomeye bagacika.

Kozubek yamera ko ari byiza ko indwara zidakira zacika ariko nanone akavuga ko gucika kw’abahanga bakomeye byazagira ingaruka mu guhanga udushya no mu gukwirakwiza ubumenyi mu Isi.

Ngo ubuhanga bwinshi bujyanirana no kurwara indwara nka ziriya zirimo cancers, kwiheba, n’ubusazi bityo ngo abantu b’abahanga bafite ubwenge nk’ubwa William Shakespeare, Albert Einstein na Stephen Hawking bakazacika niba uturemangingo dutera ziriya ndwara dukumiriwe mu bantu.

Albert Einstein ngo yari arwaye indwara bita ‘autism’ kandi ngo yakungaga kwigunga.

Abanditsi bakomeye bazwiho kurwara indwara yo kuba inkomwahato inshuro 40 kurusha abandi (bipolar disorder) aho ashobora kuba yishimye aka kanya ariko mu kanya gato agahinduka bitangaje.

Kozubek wanditse igitabo yise  ‘Modern Prometheus: Editing the Human Genome with Crispr-Cas9 yemeza ko nta guhindura imikorere y’uturemangingo fatizo hagamijwe kuturinda kwandura za cancers bihabanye n’amahame agenga ubwihindurize (evolution) kuko ngo Charles Darwin yasanze ko uko duteye (uturemangingo fatizo) dufite ububasha bwo kwihagararaho no guhuza n’imimerere kuko ariko ibinyabuzima biteye, ngo nta mpamvu yo guhindura iyi nzira kamera yatwo.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW