Incamake y’amateka y’umukino wa Basketball

Basketball ni umukino ukundwa cyane n’Abanyamerika, n’ahandi ku Isi uri muyikundwa cyane kandi ihemba neza. Wahimbye n’umugabo wo muri Canada witwa James Naismith. Uyu mugabo amaze gutangiza uyu mukino yashyizeho amategeko 13 awugenga. Icyo gihe yigishaga imyitozo ngororamubiri muri Kaminuza.

Guhimba uyu mukino yabitekerejeho amaze kubona ko ubukonje bwari mu gace ishuri ryabo ryari riherereyemo bwari bwinshi kandi nta mukino wari butume abanyeshuri bashyuha bagahanagana n’imbeho.

Abanyeshuri bo mu ishuri  ryitwa International Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Training School bari bamerewe nabi kubera ubukonje ku buryo bahisemo kwirundira mu nzu kugira ngo barebe uko bashyuha ariko biba iby’ubusa.

James Naismith yaje gutekereza umwe mu mikino bakinaga kera iwabo bakiri abana aho bahererezanyaga umupira vuba vuba, ariko ashingira nanone k’ubumenyi yari afite mu mukino wa ‘rugby’ bityo aba abonye uburyo bwo gutangiza umukino uzajya ufasha abanyeshuri gushyuha mu gihe cy’imbeho y’Umuhindo.

Nyuma yaje gutekereza ukuntu uriya mukino wazatuma bashyuha ariko nanone ukabasaba gutekereza no kongera ubuhanga bwo guhamya intego.

Mu kiganiro yahaye radio yitwa WOR-AM muri 1939 yagize ati: “Nafashe amatsinda abiri nyahuriza mu kibuga cya Kaminuza nsaba abakinnyi b’ikipe A gutera umupira mu nkangara nari namanitse mu nguni z’ikibuga hanyuma n’ikipe B nayo ikabigenza ityo.”

Inkangara bagombaga guteramo umupira yari imanitse muri metero 10 uvuye hasi.

Urebye Basketball wavuga ko yashinzwe 1939 kuko aribwo umukino wayo wa mbere wabaye.

Itegeko rya mbere rya Basketball ryari ugutera umupira mu nkangara Naismith yari yashyize mu nguni za buri kibuga ubundi bakiruka bagatanguranwa kuwukuramo.

Ibi byaje kuba ikibazo kuko abanyeshuri babyiganiraga gukuramo uriya mupira no kongera kuwutera mu yindi nkangara bityo bamwe bakahavunikira abandi bagakomereka.

Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko hakenewe amabwiriza asobanutse yo kugenga uko ibintu bizajya bikorwa.

Naismith yabwiye ya radio ko n’ubwo hari impungenge ko abanyeshuri bahura n’ikibazo, ngo wari umukino washimishaga abanyeshuri kandi ngo bakomezaga kumusaba kuwukina kenshi.

Ntibyatinze  biba ngombwa ko ashyiraho amategeko 13 agomba kugenga imikinire n’imyitwarire mu kibuga.

Itegeko rya mbere rya Basketball yo muri kiriya gihe ryari uko nta muntu wemerewe kwiruka afite umupira mu ntoki. Umupira wagombaga guterwa mu nkangara cyangwa ugahererekanywa.

Iri tegeko ngo ryatumye guhirikana no kubyiganira umupira bigabanuka.

Uwicaga iri tegeko bategekaga ko umukinnyi wo mu ikipe bahanganye afata umupira akawujugunya mu nkangara y’ikipe y’uwakoze ikosa.

Mbere ngo umukinnyi wa Basket wakoraga amakosa abiri yikurikiranya yahanishwaga kwicara kugeza hagize umuntu utsinda.

Muri kiriya gihe nta bintu byo gusunikana, guterana intugu, gusumirana… byari byemewe. Buri gice cy’umukino cyamaraga iminota 15, umukino wose ukamara iminota 30, iminota itanu ikaba ari iyo kuruhuka.

Abanyeshuri bifuzaga ko uriya mukino wakwitwa Naismith Ball ariko we arabyanga ahubwo afata amagambo abiri arayahuza(Basket na Ball) akoramo Basket-ball.

Uyu mukino ngo ugamije gutuma ingingo zose z’umubiri w’umukinnyi zikora kandi akabasha kumenya gufata ibyemezo bigoye mu gihe gito aba agomba kumarana umupira.

Mu mateka y’imikino Basketball ngo niyo yakunzwe vuba vuba kandi ihita yamamara kurusha indi yose.

Nyuma gato y’uko uno mukino utangira, ngo n’abakobwa batangiye kujya bawukina bambaye amakanzu maremare.

Uko imyaka yahise indi ikaza niko gutera imipira miremire igana mu nkangara byarushijeho gukundwa, ubikoze bakabimushimira.

Mu myaka ya 1901 nibwo byatangiye kwemerwa ko mu kibuga hagomba kujyamo abakinnyi batanu kuri buri kipe.

Inyandiko ziriho amategeko 13 ya Naismith yaje kugurwa na David Booth miliyoni $4.3 muri cyamunara yatanzwe na Kaminuza ya Kansas aho nyirubwite yayashyize.

Muri iki gihe amategeko mpuzamahanga y’umukino wa Basketball yanditse mu gitabo cya paji 65 kandi avuga buri kintu cyose kirebana n’uyu mukino.

Amategeko 13 ya Naismith:

• Umupira ushobora kujugunywa mu nkangara hakoreshejwe akaboko kamwe cyangwa yombi.
• Uyu mupira ushobora koherezwa mu gice icyo aricyo cyose hakoreshejwe n’urubaho rwabigenewe(batting).
• Umukinnyi ntagomba kwirukankana umupira mu ntoki. Agomba kuwujugunya mu nkangara aho yaba ari hose keretse aramutse ahuye nawo ari kwiruka.
• Umupira ugomba gufatwa mu biganza gusa.
• Nta guterana intugu, nta gusunikana, nta no gusumirana. Ikosa rya mbere rukozwe n’umukinnyi rigomba kwandikwa, yakora irya kabiri akicara kugeza batsinze igitego gikurikiraho cyangwa byagaragara ko yarikoze nkana akicara ntihagire umusimbura.
• Gukubitisha umupira igipfunsi ni ikosa.

• Niba ikipe yawe ikoze amakosa atatu yikurikiranya biha inota ikipe muhanganye.
• Igitego kibarwa ari uko umukinnyi ateye umupira mu nkangara akoresheje intoki cyangwa urubaho rwabigenewe. Uyu mupira ugomba kandi kugumamo kugira ngo bigaragare ko wagezemo koko. Ikipe muhanganye igomba kwitondera gucugusa urucundura igamije kuburizamo igitego kuko bibarwa nko gutsindwa.

• Niba umupira umanutse ukava mu nkangara ukagwa hasi ugomba kugarurwa mu kibuga n’umuntu wa mbere uwufashe hatitawe ku ikipe akinira. Niba habayeho kurwanira umupira ngo usubizwe mu kibuga, umusifuzi niwe ugomba kuwusubiza mu kibuga mu gihe kitarenze amasogonda atanu. Iyo ayarengeje ni ikosa rihanwa n’abakinnyi bo mu ikipe itawurengeje. Mu gihe abakinnyi batinze kurengura umupira mu rwego rwo gutinza umukino, umusifuzi abibara nk’ikosa.
• Umusifuzi wo hagati afite uburenganzira bwo guhana umukinnyi witwara nabi kandi akabimenyesha abandi basifuzi bo ku mpande.
• Umusifuzi afite uburenganzira bwo kumenya niba umupira winjijwe mu nkangara, niba wahagamye, uruhande uherereyemo ndetse n’igihe kemewe cyo kuwurengura.
• Umukino umara iminota 30, buri gice kikagira iminota 15. Abakinnyi baruhuka iminota itanu gusa.
• Ikipe yinjije amanota menshi muri iriya minota 30 niyo izatsinda umukino. Niba habayemo kunganya, amakipe azumvikana hanyuma akomeze akine kugeza hari irushije indi inota.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW