Abahanga babonye inyandiko y’umwimerere ya Bibiliya mu gitabo cy’Abalewi

Abahanga bo muri Kaminuza ya Giheburayo y’i Yeruzalemu bamaze iminsi babitse inyandiko bavumbuye muri 1970 mu buvumo bwo hafi y’i Sinagogi y’ahitwa En-Gedi mu Burengerazuba bw’Inyanja y’Urupfu(Dead Sea). Iyi nyandiko ngo ikaba yaranditswe hagati y’Ikinyejana cya kane n’icya gatanu mbere ya Yezu/Yesu. Kuva yavumburwa  ntawigeze ayisoma kuko bari barayobewe ikiyanditsweho bitewe n’inyandiko zari zarangiritse cyane.

Mu cyumweru gishize nibwo abahanga bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga babasha kumenya ibyanditse ku duce twuriya muzingo ndetse n’ururimi yanditswemo basanga ari Igiheburayo ariko mu nyandiko bita Masoritic.

Barasomye basanga inyandiko ziri kuri uriya muzingo ari iziboneka mu bika bibiri bya mbere by’Igitabo cy’Abalewi, ahavugwa ibyerekeye no gutamba no kotsa ibitambo, abagombaga kubikora, ibyo bagombaga mu gihe cyo gutamba, n’ibyo bagombaga kuziririza(Abalewi 1-2).

Bibiliya ivuga ko Igitabo cy’Abalewi cyanditswe na Mose wayoboye Abisilayeli akabavano mu Misiri akabambutsa inyanja itukura bakinkira mu gihugu cy’Isezerano ariko we ntabyemererwe.

Si ubwa mbere havumburwa inyandiko bivugwa ko ari umwimerere wa Bibiliya,Iserezano rya kera kuko muri 1946, intiti zo muri Israel na Jordania zatangiye kwiga imizingo bita ko ariyo ku Nyanja y’’Urupfu, iyi ikaba igaragaramo inyandiko z’Umuhanuzi Yesaya.

Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu Kinyamakuru kitwa Science Advances buvuga ko iriya mizingo yahiriye mu bwato  ariko ntiyakongoka, irokotse inkongi yigumira aho kugeza bayivumbuye nyuma y’imyaka ibihumbi.

Nubwo uyu muzingo wavumbuwe muri 1970, nta koranabuhanga ryariho ryari bufashe abahanga gusoma ibyanditseho batawangije kurushaho, bityo bahisemo kuwubika kugeza ejo bundi bawusoma.

Ubwo bakoreshaga ubuhanga bwa Carbon 14 basanze uriya muzingo ari uwo hagati y’ikinyejana cya kane n’icya gatanu mbere ya Yesu Kristu.

Inyuma y’imyaka 46 nibwo abahanga babashije kwiga uriya muzingo nubwo wangiritse bwose.

Intiti zo muri Israel zakoresheje ubuhanga bugezweho mu gutubura inyandiko zimaze igihe kirekire zarangijwe n’ubukonje bwitwa Volume Cartography.

Ubu buhanga bwakozwe na W. Brent Seales wo muri Kaminuza ya Kentucky butuma inyandiko igaragara neza ukabasha kuyisoma.

Mbere iyi mizingo yabanje gusuzumirwa mu Kigo cya Israel kiga ibyerekeye inyandiko za kera bita Israel Antiquities Authority, umwe mu bahanga witwa Pnina Shor akoresha ubuhanga bita micro-computer tomography abaganga bakoresha bapima aho cancer igeze mu gutubura iriya nyandiko.

Ibyo yabonye yabyohereje muri Kaminuza ya Kentucky ngo wa muhanga  witwa Seales abinyuze muri computer ye arebe ko hari icyarushaho kugaragara.

Yakoreshe uburyo bwa 3 D abasha kureba neza inyandiko bashakaga kwiga.

Nyuma rero babashije gusoma neza ibika bitanu bigize ibice bibiri bya mbere by’igitabo cy’Abalewi.

Mu magambo agaragaza gutangara cyane, Shor yabwiye abandi ko bakirangiza gusoma neza ibikubiye muri iriya mirongo bumvise batangaye kandi basazwe n’ibyishimo.

Indi ntiti yitwa Michael Segal yigisha ubuhanga mu gusesengura Bibiliya muri Kaminuza ya Giheburayo y’i Yeruzalemu yagize iti: “Iyo witegereje neza ubona inyandiko zigaragara neza mbese nk’uko  bimeze ku mizingo yaturaguwe hafi y’Inyanja y’Urupfu.”

Ibikubiye mu mizingo yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu( Dead Sea Scrolls) yasesenguwe n’intiti nyinshi zari zihagarariwe na Emmanuel Tov.

Icyatumye inyandiko y’imbere muri iyi mizingo y’Abalewi itangirika ngo ni uko umuriro watwitse igice cy’inyuma ariko icy’imbere nticyakorwaho n’umuriro kandi ari cyo cyari cyanditseho biriya bice bya mbere byo mu Balewi.

Intiti nyinshi zizeye ko iri koranabuhanga rizazifasha gusoma inyandiko kugeza ubu byari bigoye gusoma kubera kwangirika kwazo, muri izi hakaba harimo iyo bitiriye umujyi wa Herculaneum mu Bwami bw’Abaroma, uyu mujyi ukaba warigeze gutwikwa n’amahindure y’ikirunga Mount Vesuvius mu mwaka wa 79 mbere ya Yesu Kristu.

Ubuhanga bwa Seales ngo buzifashishwa kandi n’Ibigo byishinzwe ubugenzacyaha mu gihe bizaba bibaye ngombwa ko bisoma inyandiko zasibwe cyane cyangwa se zangijwe n’umuriro ariko ntizikongoke burundu.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW