U Rwanda rufite imyeenda ingana na 33% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu

Imibare igaragazwa n’igenamigambi ry’igihe gito rigomba kugenga Politike ya Leta y’inguzanyo mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu (2015/16-2017/18) iragaragaza ko ubu u Rwanda rufite umweenda usaga miliyari ebyiri na miliyoni 719 z’Amadolari ya Amerika ($), angana na 33% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu (GDP) usaga miliyari umunani $.

Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi (MINECOFIN) ivuga ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangiye gahunda yo gufata inguzanyo mu mahanga n’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo ibashe guteza imbere imishinga y’ibikorwaremezo yari ifite, ndetse ibashe kuziba icyuho mu ngengo y’imari cyatewe n’ihungabana ry’inkunga z’amahanga ryo mu mwaka wa 2012.

Kugira ngo Guverinoma igende iva mu buryo gakondo igihugu cyabonagamo ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga ifite, ahanini byagenderaga ku mpano n’inkunga z’ibigo, imiryango mpuzamahanga n’ibihugu by’amahanga, yatangiye kwiguriza no gushyira hanze impapuro z’agaciro mpeshwamwenda za Leta kugira ngo ibone amafaranga.

Raporo ku busesenguzi yiswe “Rwanda’s Debt Sustainability Analysis” yasohotse muri Kanama 2014, igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2012 umwenda w’u Rwanda wari Miliyari imwe na Miliyoni 651 z’Amadolari ya Amerika (yanganaga na 22.6% bya GDP); muri 2013 umwenda warazamutse ugera kuri Miliyari ebyiri na Miliyoni 79 (yanganaga na 27.4% bya GDP) ahanini bitewe n’impapuro z’agaciro mpeshwamwenda u Rwanda rwacururuje ku mugabane w’u Burayi (Eurobond) za Miliyoni 400 z’Amadolari ya Amerika; muri 2014 wari Miliyari ebyiri na Miliyoni 245 (yanganaga na 27.7% bya GDP). Kugera mu mpera za 2013, umwenda w’imbere mu gihugu wiyongereyeho 0,9%, ugera kuri 6,3%.

Raporo ku busesenguzi bw’imyenda y’igihugu yo muri Kanama 2014, n’iyo muri Weurwe 2015 nk’uko bigaragara mu igenamigambi ry’igihe gito rizagenga Politike ya Leta y’inguzanyo mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu (2015/16-2017/18) “The Rwanda Medium Term Debt Strategy”, zigaragaza u Rwanda nk’igihugu kitari mu kibazo cy’imyeenda ikabije, bigendanye n’imicungire myiza y’impano n’inguzanyo ndetse n’uko ubukungu buhagaze.

Igenzura rya Banki y’Isi rizwi nka “CPIA (Country Policy and Institutional Assessment)” ryahaye u Rwanda amanota 3.9 kuri 6 mu micungire y’inguzanyo, birugira kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere muri Afurika.

Imyinshi mu myeenda u Rwanda rufite irimo iza nk’impano ku nyungu ntoya, izitangwa n’ibigo by’imari mpuzamahanga n’iz’ubucuruzi.

Imyenda y’igihugu ijya ahanini mu bikorwa remezo

Inguzanyo z’u Rwanda zikoreshwa cyane mu kwagura ubwikorezi bw’abantu n’ibintu, inyubako rusange, ingufu z’amashanyarazi, kugabanya ubukene no guteza imbere ibyaro nk’uko bisobanurwa na Minisiteri y’Imari n’igenamigambi.

Imishinga imwe n’imwe nk’uwa ‘Kigali Convention Center’, n’umushinga w’imyaka itanu wo kwagura ‘Rwandair’, hagurwa indege nshya zihagaze Miliyoni 188 z’Amadolari ya Amerika yatumye imyeenda zizamuka zigera ku 9.7%, bingana na 3.2 bya GDP.

Imwe mu mpungenge u Rwanda rufite mu kwishyura iyi myenda yiganjemo izarangira hagati ya 2023 (Eurobond)-2025 (imyenda ya Rwandair), ni ukwishyura amafaranga rwahawe n’urwunguko mu mafaranga y’amanyamahanga cyane cyane Amadolari ya Amerika, dore ko 31.9% by’umweenda w’igihugu uri mu Madolari ya Amerika. Gusa, MINECOFIN ikavuga ko hari ingamba zigamije guhangana n’iki kibazo.

Igenamigambi ry’igihe gito rigomba kugenga Politike ya Leta y’inguzanyo mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu rigaragaza ko nubwo ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize ikibazo muri 2012, buzongera gusubira ku murongo ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 7-8% mu gihe cy’iri genamigambi; Ibi byaratangiye kuko mu mwaka ushize wa 2014, bwazamutse ku gipimo cya 7%, ndetse n’uyu mwaka wa 2015 bukaba bushobora kuzamuka kuri icyo gipimo.

Ikizere cy’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda gishingiye ku mishinga migari y’akarere, cyane cyane umuhora wa ruguru ruhuriyeho na Kenya na Uganda, ndetse no ku nzego z’ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubukerarugendo na Serivise ubu zitanga hejuru ya 50% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu.

Umwe mu mishinga u Rwanda ruzafatira inguzanyo ugasigira ingaruka nziza ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, ariko ugashyira ahabi igihugu mu byerekeranye n’inyuzanyo; ni umushinga wa Gari ya moshi u Rwanda rusabwa Miliyari 1.9 y’Amadolari ya Amerika (angana na 49% by’umushinga wa wose). Aha, igenamigambi riburira Guverinoma kuyaguza nk’impano yoroshye mu buryo bw’impano (concessional debt) ku rwunguko ruto, kugira ngo ibashe guhangana n’ibibazo by’imyenda.

Igenamigambi rizarangirana n’umwaka wa 2017/2018 rigaragaza uburyo (strategy) bune Leta ishobora gukoresha kugira ngo ibone amafaranga ikeneye kandi ibashe guhangana n’imyenda iri hejuru; Gusa uburyo bwose uko ari bune buzatuma u Rwanda rurushaho kujya mu myenda ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 39.5%-40.8 y’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu bitewe n’uburyo Leta yahisemo.

Ubusesenguzi kandi busaba Leta kongera impapuro z’agaciro mpeshwamwenda z’imbere mu gihugu z’igihe kirekire kugira ngo Leta yirinde ingaruka zikomeye z’ubukungu, n’ubwishyu buri hejuru.

UM– USEKE.RW