Menya uko inyamaswa zirinda indwara

Abantu bahora bahanganye n’indwara z’ibiza ndetse n’izindi zibibasira mu buryo butandukanye. Abahanga bahora bakora imiti ikomeye yo guhangana n’izi ndwara. Ntabwo ari abantu gusa bahura n’indwara. Inyamaswa zaba izo mu  gasozi ndetse n’izo tworora nazo zihangana n’ibikoko byanduza indwara zimwe na zimwe zikazica.

Udukoko bita Tasmanian devils duhora duhanganye  udukoko dushobora kutwanduza indwara ituma mu maso hatwo  hahora habyimbye.

Ibikeri byigeze kwibasirwa n’indwara abahanga bise chytridiomycosis iterwa n’udukoko  bita  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hapfa ibingana na bitatu bya kane byabyo cyane cyane mu  bihugu bya Australia.

Ubwoko by’ibikoko bisa n’Ingagi  bita  Chimpanzees, ingagi ubwazo ndetse n’abantu bibarirwa mu bikoko byibasirwa na Virus yitwa Ebola Virus Desease.

Uko inyamaswa zirwanya udukoko dutera indwara (defense mechanisms):

Abahanga basanze inyamaswa aho ziva zikagera, ariko buri bwoko mu buryo bwabwo, zifite uburyo bwo kwirinda, kurwanya no kwivura indwara zitandukaye bitabanye ngombwa ko zinywa ibinini cyangwa ngo ziterwe inshinge.

A. Amafi:

Ubwoko bw’amafi yiswe Young salmon yo yifashisha inshuti zayo mu kwivuza. Kubera ko aya mafi akunda kuribwa n’iyandi, iyo adapfuye agakomereka, ashobora kurwara igisebe kikabora bityo akaba yapfa.

Amafi  salmon afatanya n’ayandi arya urubobi  rwica ruba rwafashe ku gikomere cya Salomon bityo akabaho kubera abo baturanyi beza.

Bisanzwe bizwi ko amafi yitwa corkwing wrasse, ballan wrasse, cuckoo wrasse, goldsinny, na  rock cook( amazina y’aya mafi mu Kinyarwanda twayabuze) ashinzwe gukorera amazi isuku, akarya  imyanda yica iba mu mazi.

B. Ibimonyo

Ibimonyo bifite uburyo bwo kubaho mu miryango, ibi bikabifasha kwita ku bikiri bito bibikorera isuku ndetse no kurinda  umwanzi wakwinjira mu rugo rwabyo. Iyi mikorere abahanga bayita “social immunity”.

Ibimonyo bishyingura bigenzi byabyo byapfuye:

Iyi ikimonyo kimwe gipfuye, ibyo bibana biragishyungira kugira ngo birinde ibindi kwanduzwa indwara n’inyo zikururwa no kubora kw’intumbi.

Mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka umushakashatsi w’Umubirigikazi witwa Lise Diez hamwe na bagenzi be bafashe ibimonyo byo mu bwoko bwa Myrmica rubra  babishyira mu nzu z’ubushakashatsi mu gihe cy’iminsi 50.

Bimwe muri byo babibujije gushyingura bigenzi byabyo byapfuye, ibindi barabyemerera.

Nyuma y’iminsi, baje gusanga ibimonyo byemerewe gushyingura ibyapfuye, bifite ubuzima bwiza, bibyibushye kandi bikora vuba vuba.

Ibiteremewe gushyingura, byo byari bifite amagara make, bibaho mu byigunge.

Ikindi cyatangaje abashakashatsi n’uko ibimonyo bitabashaga gushyingura ibyabyo, byahimbye uburyo bwo kwirinda kwegera intumbi z’ibyapfuye.

Ibigabo muri byo bafashe ibyapfuye bibishyira mu nguni ahiherereye  mu rwego rwo kurinda bigenzi byabyo kwegera  ziriya ntumbi, bikaba byakwandura.

C. Ibinyamajanja cyangwa uruvu:

Hari inyamaswa zikora ku buryo zihinduranya kuburyo abanzi bazo bayoberwa niba arizo.

Urugero ruzwi ni uruvu ruhindura amabara bitewe n’aho ruri bityo inyoni nini nka za Sakabaka ntizibashe kurubona n’ubwo izi nyoni zifite amaso areba kure cyane.

Ibinyamajanja birimi harimo intare, ingwe, imbwa, impyisi, n’ibindi byo birafashanya mu buryo bugaragara. Birashoboka ko waba waritegereje imbwa iri guhekenya mu bwoya bwa mugenzi wayo bibana mu rugo.

Buriya ni uburyo bwo kuyikiza imbaragasa cyanwa inda ziba zifashe ku mu mubiri imbere. Kugira ngo ikinyamajanja kimwe kimenye ko kigenzi cyajyo gifite iki kibazo biterwa n’imyuka iki gifite ibibazo gisohora.

Ikindi kandi kuko izi nyamaswa zibana mu miryango, zimenya ibihe bitandukanye ziriya mbaragasa ziba ari nyinshi maze buri imwe ikaba yakwibwiriza gufasha mugenzi wayo.

Haba ku  bantu cyangwa ku moko menshi y’ingagi, mu mara habamo udukoko bita handful parasites dufasha  mu gusukura igifu n’amara.

Nubwo bwose abantu bakoze uko bashoboye ngo bakore imiti ikomeye bityo birinde kandi barwanye indwara zandura, inyamsaswa zo ntizikeneye ibyo byose kuko zimwe zifatanya gukora isuku, izindi zikavura zigenzi zabo zanduye indwara mu gihe izindi zo zizi ubwoko bw’ibyatsi zirisha bityo zikaba ziboye urukingo rurambye kandi rutagira ingaruka ku mibiri yazo.

UM– USEKE.RW