Ubuhake n'akamaro kabwo mu Rwanda rwa kera

Ubuhake bwanditsweho ibintu byinshi kandi bamwe bakabuvugaho ibi abandi bakabuvugaho biriya. Muri iyi nyandiko turifashisha ibyanditswe na Kayumba Charles mu gitabo cyahurije hamwe Abanyamateka bo mu Rwanda “les Defis de Historiographie Rwandaise,Faits et Controverses.”

Ubuhake hari bamwe babona ko bwari uburyo Abatutsi bari barashyizeho ngo bakandamize Abahutu.

Abenshi muri abo ni intiti z’abazungu zanditse ko ubuhake bwari igikoresho cyo  gutsikamira Abahutu.

Mu bagize icyo babuvugaho barimo Rene Lemarchard, Marcel d’Hertefelt, Bernard Lugan ndetse n’Abanyarwanda nka Donat Murego n’abandi.

Mu gitabo “Les Defis de l’Historiographie Rwandaise” (tugenekereje, Ibibazo bijyanye n’imyandikire y’Amateka y’u Rwanda), kuva kuri paji ya 210 kugeza kuri 216, Kayumba Charles avuga ko Ubuhake bwari amasezerano yari ashingiye ku bwumvikane hagati y’Umugaragu na Shebuja.

Umugaragu yabaga akeneye ubufasha mu mibereho ndetse n’uburinzi mu gihe yaba ahohotewe n’abandi bantu bashaka gushimuta  inka.

Shebuja yabaga afite inshingano zo guha umugaragu we inka nyinshi cyangwa nke bitewe n’izo atunze ndetse n’urukundo amukunda.

Yari afite kandi n’inshingano yo kurinda umugaragu we igihe cyose byabaga ari ngombwa, akamurinda abashimusi akanamuvuganira mu gihe ahuye n’ibizazane i Bwami cyangwa ahandi hakomeye.

Umugaragu na we yagombaga kuba kwa shebuja, akamukorera imirimo itandukanye irimo kumutuma ahantu runaka, kumwubakira  inkike z’urugo mu gihe bikenewe, kumuhingira imirima, kumuragirira inka, kumuherekeza mu ngendo ze ndetse rimwe na rimwe akamubera umujyanama.

Umugaragu yashoboraga kumara igihe kiri hagati y’ukwezi cyangwa umwaka kwa shebuja bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’imirimo akora (ijambo akazi ryaje nyuma rizanywe n’ubukoloni).

Umwanditsi witwa Jean Jacques Maquet, yagaragaje ko imirimo itatangwaga hakurikijwe ubwoko, ahubwo hakurikizwa ubushobozi  bw’umugaragu.

Umwanditsi Kayumba Charles avuga ko umugaragu yashoboraga kwanga gukorera shebuja akitahira cyangwa agakomeza umurimo we ku  bushake.

Ntabwo ubuhake bwari bushingiye ku gahato nk’uko Bernard Lugan, wabaye umwarimu muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (1972-1983) yabyanditse.

Gusa ariko umugaragu utarakoraga ibyo yiyemeje, yanyagwaga inka yabonye binyuze mu buhake akagumana izindi nka yashoboraga kuba afite yarazigabiwe n’umutware runaka cyangwa Umwami nyir’ u Rwanda.

Umunyarwanda wese yashoboraga kuba Shebuja w’undi, apfa kuba gusa yari yoroye inka zihagije zatuma abasha kugabira umugaragu we.

Abatutsi ni bo babaye ba shebuja b’abandi cyane kuko bari basanzwe batunzwe n’ubworozi bw’inka, gusa Abahutu boroye bahatse Abatutsi batoroye.

Filip Reyntjens yanditse ko Abahutu aribo bari ba Shebuja akanshi na kenshi.

Ubuhake bushingiye ku nka bwakozwe cyane cyane mu duce two Hagati n’Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda, mu gihe ubuhake bushingiye ku butaka buzwi nk’Ubukonde bwakozwe cyane cyane mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda.

Hari n’ubuhake Umwami yabaga ariwe shebuja w’umugaragu.

Bwasaga cyane n’ubundi buhake busanzwe ariko bigatandukanira ku nyungu umugaragu yabukuragamo. Buri wese yabaga ashobora kuba umugaragu apfa kuba gusa azanywe n’umutware uzwi i Bwami.

N’ubwo muri rusange Ubuhake bwari bwiza ku mubano w’Abanyarwanda, hari igihe habagamo amakosa  cyane cyane ku ruhande rwa shebuja.

Shebuja yashoboraga kwima inka umugaragu we amujijije ikintu runaka, rimwe na rimwe kidafatika.

Agasuzuguro ka bamwe muri ba shebuja kashoboraga gutuma umugaragu akora imirimo imuvuna, cyangwa se itari mu yo ashinzwe.

Hari n’igihe abagaragu bibaga ba shebuja inka. Ibi byatumaga shebuja akoresha ingufu, abantu bakaba bakomeretsanya cyangwa bakicana.

Kayumba avuga ko ibi ari bimwe mu byatumwe umwami ashyiraho amategeko agenga ukuntu ubuhake bugomba gukorwa n’inshingano za buri ruhande. Aya mategeko yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa  muri 1942.

Gusa Ubuhake bwaje kuvanwaho n’Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa muri Mata 1954, kubera impamvu nyinshi zarimo urwuri ruke (ubwatsi inka zirisha), kuba amafaranga yari atangiye gukoreshwa mu bukungu bw’Abanyarwanda, ndetse n’amashuri yatumaga abantu bumva batagishishikajwe n’ubuhake.

Reference: “Les Defis de l’ Historiographie Rwandaise, Faits et Controverses” cyanditwe n’Abanyamateka bo mu Rwanda, Inyandiko ya Kayumba, “Le Systeme de Clientelisme Pastoral” (Ubuhake), paji 210 -216.

Urutonde rw’abanditsi bavuzwe mu nkuru ruboneka ku mpera z’inyandiko ya Kayumba Charles.

Nizeyimana Jean Pierre
UM– USEKE.RW