MDGs zirarangiye, ubu haje ibyitwa SDGs…byo bituzaniye iki?

Abanyarwanda benshi bumvise ijambo MDGs. Ni gahunda umunani (8) z’iterambere mu mwaka wa 2000 ibihugu by’isi byihaye intego yo kugeraho kugeza mu 2015, izi ntego zashyizwemo akayabo ka za miliyari z’Amadollari n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ngo zigerweho kuri buri gihugu. Raporo y’ibyagezweho izatangwa inasobanurwe na Ban Ki-moon tariki 06/07/2015. Nyuma ya MDGs ubu haje gahunda ya SDGs…iyi yo izanye iki? Izanye iki ku Rwanda?

Dusubije amaso inyuma, Millennium Development Goals zari zigizwe n’inkingi umunani. Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wasabaga buri gihugu gukora iyo bwabaga zikagerwaho. Buri gihugu cyahawe ingengo y’imari runaka yo gukoresha muri izo gahunda ariko igihugu kigendeye ku buryo ibintu bimeze mu gihugu bigendanye n’izo ngingo umunani.

Izo nkingi-ntego zari zigize MDGs ni;

1. Kurandura ubukene bukabike n’inzara
2. Kugera ku burezi bw’ibanze ku isi hose
3. Guteza imbere uburinganire bw’ibitsina byombi
4. Kugabanya impfu z’abana
5. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’ababyeyi
6. Kurwanya SIDA, malaria n’ibindi byorezo
7. Kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije
8. Guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bugamije iterambere

Igihe cyari cy’ihawe cy’imyaka 15 kuva mu 2000 cyarangiye ubu, raporo rusange y’uburyo izi ntego zagezweho ku rwego rw’isi yamaze gukorwa kuva kuri buri gihugu yegeranyirizwa hamwe ikorwamo imwe yo ku rwego rw’isi ikazatangazwa na Ban Ki-moon kuwa mbere w’icyumweru gitaha (06/06/2015) saa yine z’amanywa i New York (bizaba ari saa kumi mu Rwanda).

Mu Rwanda MDGs zisize iki?

Meira Massel Goldenberg  umukozi mu ishami ry’iterambere mpuzamahanga mu muryango w’Abibumbye i New York yabwiye Umuseke ko mu igenzura basanze u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bya mbere muri Africa byageze ku ntego z’ikinyagihumbi (MDGs)ku rwego rushimishije. Ibirambuye avuga ko bizagaragazwa muri raporo izatangazwa kuwa mbere na Ban Ki-moon.

Gahunda nka; ‘Gira inka munyarwanda’, uburezi bw’ibanze kuri buri mwana, guha amahirwe umwana w’umukobwa no guteza imbere uburinganire, kugabanya ku buryo bufatika impfu z’abana, kubaka imihanda n’ibikorwa remezo bimwe na bimwe n’ibindi…Ni bimwe mu byakozwe ku ngengo y’imari yagenwe u Rwanda na gahunda mpuzamahanga ya MDGs.

Meira Goldenberg avuga ko raporo zigaragaza ko amafaranga yashyizwe mu Rwanda agamije gahunda za MDGs yakoreshejwe neza mu bikorwa yari yagenewe.

Goldenberg ati “Bitandukanye na bimwe mu bihugu ku isi aho ingengo y’imari byahabwaga mu gushyira mu bikorwa MDGs yakoreshwaga ibindi bitajyanye nayo, cyangwa se akanyerezwa burundu ntakore na kimwe. Hari n’ahandi byakozwe nabi nubwo hari n’aho twishimira ko byakozwe neza no mu Rwanda harimo.”

SDGs zo ni ibiki? zizanye iki?

Nyuma ya MDGs Umuryango mpuzamahanga watekereje gukomeza kubaka iterambere mpuzamahanga, bemeranya ku kiswe ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) zisimbura MDGs.

Inama y’ibiganiro mpaka ya mbere yaganiriye kuri SDGs yabaye mu 2012 i Rio de Janeiro muri Brazil, nyuma hatangira ubushakashatsi ku byifuzwa n’ibihugu by’isi mu iterambere byashyirwa mu ntego z’ibanze.

Muri Africa Mme Helen Johnson Sirleaf niwe watorewe kuzahagararira Africa mu kujya gutangaza intego z’iterambere zigize SDGs umugabane wa Africa wifuza kugeraho, n’uko zikurikirana.

Ni nyuma y’ubushakashatsi, ibazwa no gutanga ibyifuzwa habajijwe inzobere, inararibonye n’abahanga,  byakozwe n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta mu bihugu bitandukanye, ibyavuyemo bigashyikirizwa komite yabishinzwe yakoreraga mu biro bya Mme Helen Sirleaf ngo bivanwemo ibyifujwe cyane.

SDGs zatowe ku rwego rw’isi ubu ni intego 17 zikinozwa.

Inama mpuzamahanga n’ibiganiro mpaka ku ikoranabuhanga, bihuza impuguke mu bintu bitandukanye, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, itangazamakuru n’abandi… ziri kuba ndetse hari izitegurwa zizatangira hagati muri uku kwezi byose bigamije kunoza ziriya ntego 17 zigize SDGs.

Inama ya nyuma izemeza izi SDGs irateganywa mu Ukuboza mu nama rutura ku by’ihindagurika ry’ikirere ku isi izabera i Paris mu Bufaransa, hakanagenwa igihe runaka izi MDGs zizashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Kugeza kuri uyu wa 01 Nyakanga 2015 SDGs ziri kuganirwaho zizaherwaho zemezwa ni;

(Twazigumishije mu cyongereza kuko zishobora kuzahindurwaho bimwe)

1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

Izi ntego nshya z’iterambere mpuzamahanga ubu zavuye ku munani (MDGs) ziba 17, buri gihugu kigenerwa ingengo y’imari runaka kikazishyira mu bikorwa gikurikije uko ibintu byifashe mu gihugu n’igikenewe kurusha ibindi. Nyuma hagakorwa isuzuma ry’ibyagezweho.

Byinshi muri ibi 17 u Rwanda ruracyari mu bihugu bibikeneye cyane, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no; kwihaza mu biribwa, kubaka ibikorwa remezo, kwihaza mu ngufu (amazi n’amashanyarazi), guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi n’amahirwe y’ubumenyi, umurimo n’amahirwe angana mu by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi, kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ibindi…

SDGs ubu ni intero iza kuba ivugwa cyane mu minsi iri imbere mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Ibi ni bicye by’ibanze wari ukeneye kumenya muri macye kuri SDGs mbere y’uko ubyumva bivugwa n’abanyapolitiki, itangazamakuru cyangwa abategamiye kuri Leta.

Ubwanditsi
UM– USEKE.RW