Kutamenya, irari, inyungu…nibyo bidukozeho uko twangiza ibidukikije

Mu by’ukuri imihate ishyirwaho ngo abantu bagabanye kwangiza ibidukikije ifite akamaro kandi ikwiye gushimwa. Prof Wangari Muta Maathai(1940-2011)yabiherewe igihembo cya Nobel cy’amahoro kubera guharanira ko haterwa amashyamba yo gukurura imvura, gufata ubutaka, gutanga imbaho, ifumbire n’ibindi mu gihugu cye cya Kenya.

Uretse n’uyu mwarimu wa Kaminuza wigishaga ibinyabuzima , za Leta zitandukanye zikora iyo bwabaga kugira ngo ubutaka budateweho amashyamba cyangwa bufite ayangiritse bwongere buterweho ayandi.

Turetse amashyamba, tujye no kuri za politiki zo kugabanya ibyuka bishyushya ikirere( gaz à effet de serre cyangwa greenhouse effect gases).

Izi politiki zagiye zumvikanwaho n’ibihugu bikize ndetse n’ibiri mu nzira yo gukira, bagasinya amasezerano ariko nyuma ntakurikizwe.

Amasezerano ya Kyoto mu Buyapani(1997) ni amwe muri yo azwi cyane. Muri aya masezerano harimo ko ibihugu nka USA, Ubushinwa, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Canada, Ubuyapani n’ibindi bigomba kugabanya inganda zohereza ibyuka mu kirere ariko Ubushinwa nyuma bwakomeje gushinjwa kutayakurikiza.

Ubushinwa bwonyine bwohereza mu kirere 1/3 cy’ibyuka byangiza byoherezwa n’ibindi bihugu bikize ku isi.

Tutagiye kure, abakoresha umuhanda wa Rwamagana – Kigali bakahaca bwije bazitegereze icyotsi gisa ukwacyo kiba gituruka mu ruganda rukora ibyuma na fer a beton ruri hanze gato y’umujyi wa Rwamagana. Uwo mwotsi usibye kwangiza urubyaro n’abazarukomokaho batuye aho hafi urazamuka ukanica ikirere.

Ubu, mu Rwanda hari kubera inama mpuzamahanga ihuza ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kugira ngo imyanzuro izafatwa kuri uyu wa gatatu, taliki ya 19 Kanama izashyikirizwe indi nama mpuzamahanga izahuza ibihugu bikize n’abahagarariye ibikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere izabera Paris mu Bufaransa mu Ukuboza.

Izindi politiki mpuzamahanga  zivuga ko abahinzi bagomba gukora imirwanyasuri, bakirinda gukoresha amafumbire mvaruganda menshi, kandi bakajya bareka imirima yabo ikararana (mise en jachère) kugira ngo idakayuka igashiramo imyunyungugu ituma imyaka imera kandi ikera neza.

Nubwo ubyumvise babivuga wakumva ari ibintu byiza kandi bizagira akamaro, izi politiki zihura n’ikibazo cy’ubukangurambaga buke ndetse n’ubushobozi bwaba ubw’amafaranga n’ubumenyi kuri benshi mu bahinzi baba barebwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’izi politiki.

Mu bihugu byateye imbere bugarijwe n’ikibazo cyo gukoresha ubuhanga bwo kuvanga ingirabuzima fatizo z’ibihingwa by’ibanze nk’ibinyampeke kugira ngo byere vuba bityo bihaze mu biribwa.

Abahanga bagaragaje ko ibi biribwa bigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu babirya.

Mu by’ukuri kubera ubwiyongere  bw’abaturage cyane cyane mu bihugu biri gutera imbere nk’Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Nigeria, Brésil n’ahandi, ingufu zose zashyirwaho ngo abantu barinde ibibakikije izatanga umusaruro muke.

Abahanga bavuga ko bigoye kubuza umuturage gutema igiti ngo agikureho urukwi rwo gucana kandi nta bundi buryo afite bwo kubona ingufu ngo abeho. Cyangwa se abone aho aba ahimuye ibyo biti.

Izo ngufu akeneye nazo zituruka ku bicanwa bisohora imyotsi( yaba iboneshwa amaso cyangwa itaboneka) yangiza imyanya y’ubuhumekero y’abantu, inyamaswa ndetse igatuma ikirere gishyuha kurushaho kuko itwika akayungirizo k’izuba.

Guhera mu ntangiriro z’iki kinyejana za Leta n’abahanga bashyizeho icyo bise iterambere ry’Isi rishingiye ku majyambere akomatanyije kandi arambye ibyo bita mu Cyongereza ‘economic and social sustainable development.’

Ikibazo abashyizeho uyu murongo bahuye  nacyo kandi bazakomeza guhura nacyo ni uko abantu bakunda inyungu z’ako kanya ntibamenye ko ibyo kudutunga Imana yaduhaye yabihaye inyoko muntu yose ni ukuvuga n’abazavuka nyuma yacu.

Hari n’abangiza ibidukikije gusa kubera kwishimisha, bakica inyamaswa zidufitiye akamaro kugira  ngo banezeze irari ryabo ryo kwica umuhigo gusa.

Ibiheruka kuvugwa cyane ni aho umuganga w’umunyamerika aherutse kwica intare yo muri Zimbabwe yitwa Cecil yinjirizaga kiriya gihugu amafaranga menshi atanzwe na ba mukerarugendo, ndetse yari ifite icyo ivuze mu rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bidukikije kurusha uwayishe.

Imibereho ya muntu isa n’igaragaza ko atazabura kwangiza ibimukikije kubera irari, inyungu z’ako kanya, ndetse n’impamvu z’ubwiyongere bw’abatuye isi.

Gusa kwirengagiza kwita ku bimukikije bizatuma muntu yikoraho kandi byaratangiye hirya no hino ku Isi.

Muri Nzeri 2012 BBC yatangaje ko 85% by’amoko y’amafi agaragara mu nyanja nini ku Isi ari mu marembera.

Igitabo Global Chage and the Earth Sytem cyemeza ko 50% y’ubutaka bw’Isi bwamaze gukorerwaho ibikorwa bya muntu kandi ngo byagize ingaruka mbi ku miterere yabwo.

Turagana he? Abazaza tuzabasiga he?

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW