“Kera Abanyarwanda bigiraga kumenya, ubu bagomba kwigira gukora” – Dr Rutayisire
*MINEDUC yateguye integanyanyigisho nshya yiswe “Comptence based curriculum”
*Abana bazigishwa kuzigama (financial), indangagaciro (values), no kumenya gufata icyemezo (decision making)
*Muri iyi Nteganyanyigisho nshya Ikinyarwanda kivuguruwe kizatangira gukoreshwa
*Nyuma ya Jenoside uburezi bwagize amavugurura ngo n’ubu agikomeje
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru Minisiteri y’Uburezi n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Uburezi (REB) bakoresheje ku wa kabiri tariki 20 Mutarama 2015, umuyobozi wa REB, Dr Rutayisire John yasobanuye ingamba zashyizweho mu kongera ireme ry’uburezi, ndetse akaba yaravuze ko ubu aho u Rwanda rugeze abantu badakwiye kwigira gufata mu mutwe, ahubwo ngo bakwiye kwigira gukora.
Muri iki kiganiro cyari kigamije ahanini gusobanuro ibyavuye mu bizamini bisoza umwaka w’amashuri abanza n’ay’ikiciro rusange cy’ayisumbuye ndetse n’itangira ry’amashuri mu mwaka 2015, REB yasobanuye ibijyanye integanyanyigisho ‘Curriculum’ ngo zizafasha kongera ireme ry’uburezi.
Dr. Joyce Musabe, Umuyobozi wungirije muri REB ushinzwe integanyanyigisho, avuga ko gutegura iyo nteganyanyigisho nshya yitwa “Comptence based curriculum” byarangiye ndetse ngo n’abarimu bari kuyihugurirwa.
Avuga ko iyo nteganyanyigisho izatangira gushyirwa mu ngiro mu mwaka wa 2016, bikazahera mu mashuri y’inshuke, mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza no mu mwaka wa kane wayo, ndetse no mu mashuri yisumbuye mu mwaka wa mbere n’uwa kane.
Iyi nteganyanyigisho ngo yaritondewe, harebwa amasomo atarahabwaga umwanya, agenerwa igihe gihagije. Ngo hazaba harimo umwanya uhagije wo kwiga kuririmba, imikino, ubuvanganzo, indimi haziyongeramo Igifaransa n’Igiswahili ndetse ngo mu mashami (combination) amwe n’amwe ataragiraga isomo ry’imibare, ubu rizongerwamo.
Hazaba harimo amasomo ajyanye no kwigisha abana kuzigama (financial), indangagaciro (values), ndetse n’ibijyanye no kumenya gufata icyemezo (decision making), ndetse ngo muri iyi nteganyanyigisho ni ho hazatangira gukoresha IKINYARWANDA cyavuguruwe.
Dr Musabe avuga ko iyi nteganyanyigisho ijyanye n’uburyo mu bindi bihugu bihagaze, ngo ku buryo umwana w’Umunyarwanda azajya kwiga hanze akabasha kujyana n’abandi ahasanze.
Iyi nteganyanyigisho nshya kandi ngo izajyana n’uko mu burezi hazabaho gahunda yo kuyobora abana bakabanza gutegurwa mbere ku bijyanye n’ibyo bazahitamo kwiga bizabafasha mu buzima bwabo (Carrier Guidance).
Iyi na yo ngo izashyirwa mu bikorwa n’abarimu b’inzobere bahuguwe, ngo n’ahandi mu bihugu binyuranye bibaho, aba bakazajya bafasha umwana guhitamo ibyo aziga bitewe n’amasomo atsinda cyane mu ishuri kandi bamufashe kumenya uko yitwara.
Umuyobozi wa REB, Dr John Rutayisire avuga ku bijyanye no guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi ariko ahereye ku mavugurura yagiye abaho mbere n’akorwa ubu, yavuzeko integanyanyigisho nshya (Competence based curriculum) itandukanye cyane n’iyari isanzwe ishingiye ku kumenya (Knowledge based curriculum).
Yagize ati “Nta mwana w’Umunyarwanda uzongera kwiga byo gufata mu mutwe, ni ukwiga no kwigisha umuntu ibizamugirira akamaro.”
Dr Rutayisire avuga ko mbere ngo umuntu wize akarangiza amashuri atandatu yisumbuye (Humanite) yumvaga ko ariwe muhanga ubaho, ngo agahagarara ku gasongero k’isoko agahamagara abantu bose ati “Mumbaze icyo mushaka mbasubize!”
Ibyo rero ngo bigomba guhinduka, abantu bakiga ibintu bijyanye n’ibyo igihugu gikeneye, kandi ngo kwiga ntibirangira.
Rutayisire avuga ko ireme ry’uburezi atari ikintu gifatika ngo kuko haba hari ibintu byinshi bituma ribaho.
Muri byo harimo uko umwana yakuze, uburyo yateguwe mbere yo kujya mu ishuri, ibitabo, abarimu, imibereho yo ku ishuri no mu rugo n’ibindi, ariko ngo by’umwihariko mu Rwanda, mu 1994 nyuma ya Jenoside, uburezi bwaramanutse bugera kuri zeru (0).
Nyuma rero ngo mu 1996-97 habayeho gufasha abana b’Abanyarwanda bose gusubira mu ishuri kugira ngo bige, nyuma habaho kuvugurura, ndetse na n’ubu amavugurura agikomeje, ku buryo ngo ireme ry’uburezi mu minsi iri imbere nta kibazo u Rwanda ruzaba rufite.
HATANGIMANA Ange Eric
UM– USEKE.RW
English
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Ese burya ikinyarwanda gishya cyaremewe byararangiye? Birambabaje.
Oya ntabwo imyandikire mishya y’ikinyarwanda yari yemeranwaho n’abanyarwanda. Hari ibigomba kuzahindukamo mbere y’uko bigezwa mu mashuri.
Ndumva nta munyarwanda muzima wakwemera kwandika “gewe” aho kwandika “jyewe”, cyangwa ngo yandike “iki” aho kwandika “icyi”cyangwa ngo yandike “ikibo” aho kwandika “icyibo”
Mugire amahoro!!
Sinemeranya na Dr Rutayisire John, kuko ntiwakora ibyo utazi(utamenye), babyita gufindafinda!! Rwose nawe niba yumva abyumva kandi yiyumvisha ibyo avuga, ni ngomba kumenya ibyo njya nita Savoir!! ( Le savoir fait savoir un autre savoir!) Ubumenyi n’ubuhanga birajyana!! Numva we ibintu abisha hejuru (superficielle). N’ubundi bizakorwa superficiellement!! Aho mbona nta reme ashaka!! Ese yibuka ko ireme bwite bingana bifitanye isano n’uburemere hamwe n’ubunini!!
Apprentissage adulte, nibyo kugendera kugihe kwiga ni ngombya, tubihe agaciro nabyo tuzabibyaze umusaruro
Uko byagenda kose nta mwana wanjye nzemerera ko yiga hano mu Rwanda ,igihe cyose hakigaragaramo techniques zidashobanutse .Ngaho imvangura rishingiye ku bitsina ;ngaho ireme ry’uburezi budafite ireme bahora bahindagura n’ibindi .
Uburyo Dr John Rutayisire asobanura imiterere y’uburezi bw’umwana w’umunyarwanda nyuma y’umwaka 1996-7 burumvikana rwose kuko kwiga ibyo kubika mu mitwe gusa ariko ntibishyirwe mu ngiro , ibyo ntibikijyanye n’ibyo isi ishaka (Competence based curriculum). Kwiga gutekereza ku byo wiga kandi bikajyana no kubigaragaza neza ndeemeza ko ari byo bitagirira abana gusa ahubwo n’abakuze tugomba kumenya ko gutekereza ku gitekerezo biruta gutekereza gusa . Uku kudatekereza ku gitekerezo ufite cyangwa ushaka kurahura ku bandi nibyo byavuyemo ibyabaye mu mwaka 1994 ndetse na mbere yaho aho umuntu yahagararaga ku gasozi akambwira abandi ngo” Mumbaze ibyo mushaka byose ndabibasubiza”! Ireme ry’uburezi nirishingira kubaha igitekerezo cyiza ntakabuza abana baziga neza
Ntarugera François
Dr. RUTAYISIRE John uburyo asobanura iyi nteganyanyigisho”curriculum” nshya, usanga ahuzagulika ku buryo umuntu yakeka ko nawe asa naho atazi neza icyo iyo “curriculum” nshya izatanga ku banyeshuri.
Ubundi iyo “Curriculum” nshya yakagombye kuba igamije gutanga ubumenyi, ubuhanga, n’ubushobozi ku munyeshuri. Kugira ngo umunyeshuri amenye ikintu ni uko aba yacyigishijwe, ubwo twavuga ko umunyeshuri hari “knowledge” agomba kuba yungutse mu gihe yiga, noneho iyo “knowledge” ikaba yamuha n’ubuhanga. Kugira ngo umunyeshuri agire ubuhanga, ni uko bwa bumenyi bamuhaye abwumva neza ku buryo nawe ashobora kubusobanurira abandi. Naho kugira ngo umunyeshuri agire ubushobozi ni uko bwa bumenyi afite wongeyeho ubuhanga yerekana, abibyaza umusaruro mu buzima bwe arimo. Bivuze rero ko ntabwo ushobora kugera kuri “competence” udafite “knowledge”.
Biriya rero Dr. RUTAYISIRE John avuga ngo: “integanyanyigisho nshya (Competence based curriculum) itandukanye cyane n’iyari isanzwe ishingiye ku kumenya (Knowledge based curriculum)” ntabwo aribyo nyakuri, ahubwo yari kuvuga ko integanyagisho nshya zirimo zitegurwa zigamije guha umwana ubushobozi zishingira ku bumenyi ahabwa.
You cannot have competence without having knowledge. Byombi rero birajyana. Ntabwo wafata kimwe ngo ureke ikindi. Competence-based curriculum iba nyayo iyo inarimo knowledge-based curriculum.
Biriya bavuga ngo ntamwana uzongera gufata mu mutwe ibyo yiga, ibyo nabyo ni ukwibeshya, kuko hari ubumenyi bumwe umuntu atashobora kubona adafata mu mutwe. Duhereye nko kubiga imibare (Mathematiques) cyangwa ubutabire (Chimie) hari “des formules mathematiques” cyanga “formules chimiques” ugomba byanze bikunze gufata mu mutwe kugira ngo uzimenye, bitabaye ibyo, ukaba nta hurizo washobora gusubiza ku bibazo runaka. Iyo wiga amateka y’isi (Histoire) ntabwo wavuga ngo ntacyo uzafata mu mutwe, icyo gihe waba wibeshya unabeshya rubanda.
Amasomo atangwa mu ishuri, umunyeshuri agomba gukora ibishoboka ngo yumve ikintu gishya ayo masomo arimo amuzanira we ubwe atari asanzwe azi, kugira ngo rero icyo kintu gishya acyumve agomba rimwe na rimwe kugira ibyo afata mu mutwe ibindi akabibona mu bwenge bwe ariko adafata mu mutwe.Hari ibyo umwana ashobora kwitekerereza, kwishakashakira ariko akabikora afite ubumenyi bw’ibanze yahawe, bivuze ngo “knowledge is absolutely necessary before you reach the competence level”. Rwose ibi bigomba kumvikana neza, kugira ngo ejo tutazavangira abarimu bigisha abana, bagakeka ko batagomba kwibanda mu guha abana ubumenyi ko ahubwo bibanda gusa ku bushobozi. Oya, abarimu bagomba kwibanda kuri ibyo byombi; ni ukuvuga ko abana bagomba guhabwa ubumenyi noneho bwa bumenyi bakabukoresha mu kugira ubushobozi. Ushobora kugira ubumenyi ntugire ubushobozi, ariko ntabwo ushobora kugira ubushobozi udafite ubumenyi.
Bigomba kandi kumvikana neza ko hari amasomo amwe aganisha cyane ku bushobozi kurusha ku bumenyi, ayo ni nko kwiga ibyo gukanika, kudoda, guteka, gusuka imisatsi,guhinga, kunyonga igare etc…
Ariko hakaba n’amasomo ubona agamije cyane cyane gutanga ubumenyi kuruta ko atanga ubushobozi; ayo ni nk’ imibare, ubutabire, ubumenyamuntu, ubumenyi bw’isi, ubuvanganzo, amateka etc…
Ibyo aribyo byose icyo abanyarwanda bakagombye kumenya kuri iri vugururwa ry’integanyanyigisho, ni uko rigomba kuba rigamije guha umwana w’umunyarwanda ubumenyi butuma agira ubushobozi bwo kuba yabonera ibisubizo ibibazo byo mu buzima busanszwe abamo buri munsi. Ni ukuvuga ngo ibyo umwana yize mu ishuri yakagombye kubikoresha mu buzima arimo aho ari hose, kugira ngo bibe byamubera igisubizo aho kumubera ikibazo, bityo ashobore kwibeshaho muri Societe nyarwanda, no muyindi Societe iyo ariyo yose ashobora kujyamo itari nyarwanda.
Ku byerekeye amasomo y’indimi, ni byiza ko muri iri vugurura bazanyemo isomo ry’igifaransa kuva P4 kugeza S3. Ariko byari kurushaho kuba byiza iyo iryo somo ry’igifaransa bareka rikigishwa mu mashuri kuva muri P4 kugeza muri S6 umwana arangiza amashuri yisumbuye.
Kwigisha isomo ry’igifaransa kuva muwa kane w’amashuri abanza ukageza muwa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye gusa, ntabwo bihagije, bakagombye kureka iryo somo ry’igifaransa rigatangwa no muwa kane no muwa gatanu no muwa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye. kuko abanyeshuri bararikeneye.
Cyane ko umunyeshuri urangije amashuri yisumbuye, ashobora kubona buruse yo kujya kwiga mu gihugu bigisha mu rurimi rw’igifaransa. Murumva ko umwana uheruka kwiga igifaransa ari muwa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye gusa, ataba akicyibuka, ndetse n’icyo yize kiba kiri kuri niveau yo hasi ku buryo atabasha gukurikira neza amasomo ye muri Kaminuza zigisha mu gifaransa.
Aho hantu rwose abayobozi b’igihugu cyacu na MINEDUC/REB bari bakwiye kuhatekereza cyane, bakareka abana bakajya bakomeza kwiga isomo ry’igifaransa kugeza barangije amashuri yisumbuye, aho kukigarukiriza gusa muri Tronc Commun.
Erega burya ururimi ni ingenzi, abanyarwanda bashoboye gukurikirana amasomo yabo mu cyongereza cyangwa mu gifaransa ni ikintu cyiza cyane (c’est un atout/it is an asset-benefit), kuko binabaha kuba bashaka akazi mu bihugu bitandukanye byo kw’isi. Erega ntabwo dutegerejwe kwifungirana muri kano gahugu kacu gatoya, cyangwa muri East African Community gusa.
Rwose nimurebe ukuntu icyo kibazo nacyo cyakemuka. Kuko tubona mu mashuri nka LA COLOMBIERE, GREEN HILLS etc…,(n’ubwo yigenga) abanyeshuri bahiga bafite isomo ry’igifaransa kugeza muwa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye, ku buryo usanga iyo bagiye muri za Kaminuza zo hanze aho ariho hose bashobora gukurikira amasomo yabo nta mbogamizi.
Aho ireme ry’uburezi mu Rwanda lijya hateye agahinda. Ndibaza niba aba Docteurs bemera cg babona ingaruka kubyo bakora ubu. Ibi byo guhindagura imyishilize, ngo nta gufata mu mutwe ahubwo ni ukwigira gukora!!! Wakora ute udafite ishusho cg utazi inzira(procedure) ugomba gukulikira kugera kucyo ushaka gukora? Iyo pratique itagira théorie ndayigaye ntaho iganisha abana b,u Rwanda? Nyamuna ili hindagura ry,ireme y,urulimi rwacu n, imyigishilize mubyitondere, murahemukira u Rwanda rwejo.Aho bukera umunyarwanda azajya yishaka yibure kdi mujye muzilikana ko, burya umwana apfa mu iterura.
Uburezi buri gusubira inyuma cyane!Reforme z’urudaca sizo zituma uburezi bugira ireme.Nimureba neza muzasanga aho Dr.Rutayisire ashaka gusebya imyigishirize ya mbere ya 1996 ahubwo ariho abantu bigaga, kuko hariho igitsure umunyeshuri akiga yumva ko nadashyiraho umwete asibira cg akirukanwa bityo akiga pe, ubu niyo yagira 20% arimurwa….Mu kizamini cya Leta yagira 20% bakayamuhindurira mu ma grades ngo adaseba bakamuha diplome!!!Uzarebe abari kurangiza secondary ubu ubagereranye n’abarangizaga muri iriya myaka uzambwira!Uburezi bw’u Rwanda buzazanzamurwa n’Imana yonyine!
Ndabasuhuje mwese bavandime, kandi nashimye ibitekerezo byiza muliho kwungurana kuli uru rubuga.
Jye ntabwo ngaya byose mu buryo bushya butegannywa imbere, kuko kera ali ababyeyi ali n’abarimu, iyo watsindwaga imibare n’igifaransa, aliko uzi gushushanya neza cyane cyangwa kulilimba no gukora gymnastique, ali abirimu cyangswa se ababyeyi bawe, bakwitaga igicucu, ngo “uzi kulilimba gusa nka Sagihobe”. Iyo wabaga uzi kudoda cyangwa kubaza, ntibaguhaga chance yo kujya mu mashuli yisumbuye nk’abandi bana mungana, ahubwo bakwoherezaga muli za familiales twitaga kera ngo ni “komera turatetse” n’ishuli ry’imyuga (Artisanale) Mu magambo make ubwo bukolikoli nta gaciro babuhaga. Uko numvise mubyo nasomye, ibyo noneho agaciro kabyo kahawe intebe, nabwo ni ubushobozi budakwiye gusubizwa inyuma.
Ikindi nashimye, Nuko uburezi bushya, niba numvise neza, busa nk’aho bushaka guhuza ubushobozi n’isoko ry’imilimo (marché du travail). Ibyo ni byiza cyane, kuko hashobora kuba hakenewe abalimu mu gihe runaka, aliko hagasohoka abize ubuganga benshi luko Halimo privilège, kandi nta buganga bukenewe muli icyo gihe, ugasanga hali intiti zitagira akazi, kandi bamaze imyaka 7 muli kaminuza, nta gushidikanya ko bafite ubumenyi n’ubushobozi mu by’ubuganga, aliko ugasanga abo bantu ali zero muli pédagogie na méthodologie, ndetse n’ibindi bijyana n’umulimo w’ubwalimu, ukeneye abakozi muli icyo gihe. Aho niho nshima iyo réforme ili imbere: Iraha agaciro buli bumenyi cg se ubushobozi ubwo alibyo bwose umunyeshuli yaba afite.
Aliko rero, aha ndongera muryo Nzabona yavuze, kandi ndashima ibitekerezo bye, nta bushobozi na bumwe bubaho budashingiye ku bumenyi runaka. Nta gihe indimi nk’igifaransa, icyongereza, ikilatini, ikigereki ndetse n’igiswayire bidakenerwa, mu kazi runaka ako aliko kose. Ndiheraho mu kazi nkora, mba mu mahanga, aliko mvugishije ukuli, mbere yo kwiga urulimi rw’igihugu ntuyemo ubu, natunzwe no kuba nalize igifaransa, icyongereza, ikinyarwanda ndetse n’ikilatini (nize mbere ya 1994). Ikindi tutagomba kwibagirwa, nta rulimi rudakenera gufata mu mutwe, duhereye kuli grammaire ya buli rulimi, nk’igifaransa, ikinyarwanda n’icyongereza. Iyo udafite ubwo bumenyi wafashe mu mutwe, ndababwiza ukuli ko utanibuka uko urwo rulimi rwandikwa, n’uburyo rusesengurwa.
Ikindi nabona ali cyiza mu burezi buli imbere, Nuko buli mwuga wose cg se buli bumenyi umunyeshuli yashobora kugeraho mu mashuli, yajya ashobora kugira chance yo gukora pratique/stage y’ubwo bumenyi/bushobozi yahawe n’amashuli yize, akabikorera muli muli real life/entreprise runaka, mbere y’uko bahabwa impamya bushobozi ivuga ko bize kandi bashoboye umwuga runaka.
Murakoze kandi nidukomeze twungurane ibitekerezo byubaka.
Mugire amahoro ya Nyagasani.
ni byiza ko igifaransa bagisubijeho, ariko ni gihere hasi rwose kuko usanga kutakimenya bifungirana abantu mu bihugu bamwe na bimwe.
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