Itariki nk’iyi muri Nyakanga 1959, Umwami Rudahigwa atangira i Bujumbura!
Mutara III Rudahigwa tariki 25 Nyakanga 1959 aratanga, yari i Bujumbura mu Burundi mu ruzinduko rw’akazi, apfa bitunguranye cyane kuko nta burwayi yari yajyanye. Rudahigwa yari amaze iminsi ahanganye n’ababiligi kuko yasabaga ko u Rwanda ruhabwa ubwigenge. Hari benshi bacyemeza ko uyu mwami wari mu kigero cy’imyaka 45 yapfuye yishwe.
Rudahigwa yari yaravukiye i Nyanza akaba umwe mu bana benshi b’umwami Yuhi IV Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi.
Mu Ugushyingo 1931 abazungu (cyane cyane Guverineri Voisin na Musenyeri Léon Classe) bamaze guca se, baramwimitse aba Umwami w’u Rwanda ndetse nyuma gato baramubatiza bamwita Charles Léon Pierre, abatirizwa rimwe na nyina Kankazi wahawe izina rya Radegonde.
Ababiligi bari bazi ko bazamuyoboreramo kuko nabo bagize uruhare runini mu kumushyiraho, ariko siko byagenze, Rudahigwa yashakaga ko u Rwanda rwigenga kandi abanyarwanda bagatera imbere baciye mu nzira yabo bishakiye.
Yahagurukiye kurwanya akarengane kari mu miyoborere n’ubutabera, akenshi agahora mu ngendo mu gihugu arenganura abaturage bo hasi, ashinga ikigega Fonds Mutara ngo abanyarwanda batangire kujya gushaka ubumenyi hanze, atangiza za colleges zinyuranye afatanyije n’amadini anyuranye atavanguye.
Akuraho ibyabangamiraga abanyarwanda birimo ubuhake n’imirimo y’agahato ndetse agerageza no kuvanaho umusoro wacibwaga umuntu ku giti cye n’indangamuntu byanditsemo amoko, ibi byose abikora ngo u Rwanda rwigenge kandi rutere imbere.
Kubera ubusabe bwa Rudahigwa na bagenzi be, mu 1946, ikitwaga Ligue des Nations (cyaje kuvamo Nations Unies) cyambuye u Rwanda Ababiligi hagirwa igihugu kigengwa n’iyo Ligues des Nations, Ababiligi basabwa gutegura Ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda. Ababiligi babonye bikabije batangira kumurwanya.
Tariki 25 Nyakanga i Bujumbura muri Hôtel Paguidas aho yari yagiye kubonana n’abashefu b’Ababiligi bitunguranye amateka avuga ko umuganga w’umubiligi yamubwiye ko bagumba kubonana ako kanya, nyuma yo kubonana abari kumwe nawe bahise babwirwa ko Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa atanze (apfuye). Bagwa mu kantu.
Hari abavuga ko Rudahigwa yishwe atewe urushinge ngo umuzungu w’umuganga yarumuteye amubwira ko ari urukingo.
Abumvise iby’inkuru ye kuva ubwo ntibashidikanyije ko Ababiligi bamwishe. Kugeza ubu ariko byaheze mu kubivuga gusa kuko nta bushakashatsi bwabikozweho ngo byemezwe, yashyinguwe vuba asimbuzwa Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa wafashe izina rya Kigeli V.
Kubera ibyo bikorwa bye bitibagiranye, Mutara Rudahigwa ubu ni Intwari y’Imena mu ntwari z’u Rwanda.
UM– USEKE.RW
English
26 Comments
Ko iterambere ryaje kuki urwanda utasyira ingufu kumenya icyamwishe kko namagufa ye yabyerekana ariko birangire guryo abazungu ntibakadupinge kbs
Ibyo muri Africa niko bimera mu Burundi hamaze gupfa abaperezida bangahe ntanketi mu Rwanda Habyarimana nta anketi niko bimera kuva tugihatswe nabakolonni mubundi buryo”néocolonialism” ntaburenganzira bwokumenya ukuri dufite.
aliko buliya yagiraga metero zingahe
Yari muremure byo! Metero 2 zo yari azirengeje ho gato.
Uwasesengura, yakwibaza niba Ababiligi ari bo bonyine bari bafite inyungu yo kwica Rudahigwa:
1)Ababiligi bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kumuvanaho bakimika uwo bashaka nk’uko babikoreye se Musinga bagashyiraho Rudahigwa nyine, no kumucira i shyanga nk’uko babikoreye uwamusimbuye Kigeli Ndahindurwa, batagombye kumwica;
2)Reformes yakoze mu miyoborere y’u Rwanda si zo bari kumuziza, kuko n’ubundi muri systeme ya administration indirecte iyo Rudahigwa ashaka aba yaraciye cyera ubuhake cyangwa ibikingi. Ubwo bubasha yari abufite na mbere hose, kandi buriya busumbane n’uburyamirane ntabwo ari ababiligi babizanye. Icyo twavuga ko ari icyabo ni shiku n’uburetwa mu guhingisha ibihingwa ngengabukungu byoherezwa iwabo nka kawa n’icyayi. Ariko nkibaza impamvu bazanye ako gahato, Rudahigwa akakemera kandi azi ko kwirirwa abashefu, abasushefu, ibirongozi n’abamotsi bakubita abaturage bibangisha ubutegetsi bwe;
3)Iyo bica Rudahigwa kugira ngo ababise bakomeze gutegeka uko bashaka, wasobanura ute ko baretse ibyegera by’umwami n’abiru bakimika Kigeli Ndahindurwa, wahagurukanye ubukana budasanzwe agatangira kugaba ibitero ku batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe no kubica (nka Secyugu i Nyanza, Mukwiye Polepole i Nzega ku Gikongoro, n’abandi;
4)Ko u Rwanda rwari indagizo ya LONI, hari icyo ababiligi bari gukora kindi mu ighe Loni yari kuba yemeje gutanga ubwigenge? Ntacyo nk’uko byaje no kugenda nyuma.
5)Jye indi version mbona ishoboka, nuko u Rwanda iyo rwageraga mu gihe cy’amajye n’intambara ruyobowe n’umwami witwaga uw’inka (Mutara cyangwa Yuhi), wafatwaga nk’umwami w’amahoro n’uburumbuke, abiru baramunyweshaga kugira ngo bimike umwami w’intambara, wagombaga kuba Kigeli cyangwa Mibambwe, nk’uko uruhererekane rw’abami rwabiteganyaga (Mutara-Kigali-Mibambwe-Yuhi / Cyilima-Kigeli-Mibambwe-Yuhi). Ese kuki iyo scenario yo abantu batayitekerezaho? Rudahigwa se ntiyashoboraga kugwa mu maboko y’umuganga w’umuzungu kandi ikimwishe cyavuye ahandi yagihawe mbere?
6)Hejuru y’ibyo kandi, mu Rwanda hari abantu benshi batari bakishimiye ubutegetsi bwa Rudahigwa na bo bashoboraga kumuhitana: abo yambuye ibikingi akanabahatira kugabana inka n’abagaragu babo, abo yabuzaga kwica abahutu bari bahanganye n’ubutegetsi bwe (turibuka ababwira ko aho kwica Gitera bakwica ikibimutera;
7)Ikindi kibazo umuntu yakwibaza: Kuki umwamikazi Rozaliya Gicanda, ndetse na Rwigemera wavaga inda imwe na Rudahigwa,batahunganye n’ibyegera by’umwami ngo nabo bajye hanze kimwe n’umwami mushya wari wimitswe, bagahitamno kuguma mu Rwanda kandi zahinduye imirishyo mu mivu y’amaraso, bazi neza ko nabo bashobora kwicirwa mu gihugu? Aho yenda si uko hari ikindi bari bazi kuri ruriya rupfu gitandukanye n’ibyo batubwira? Ndetse n’uwari umushoferi wa Rudahigwa ntiyahise ahunga, yagiye nyuma muri 1961 hongeye kuba ubundi bwicanyi mu gihugu. Ni za hypootheses gusa. Ariko mu gusobanukirwa n’amateka ubusesenguzi buremewe.
Nta comment ntanga, ibyo nari ngiye kwandika urabivuze byose ntacyo usize inyuma.
Gusa ngukosoyeho gato, ababiligi ntabwo bahingishaga icyayi n’ikawa byo kohereza iwabo gusa, ahubwo kubera ko ngo u Rwanda rwwahoraga rwibasirwa n’inzara (kuko abantu ntibahingaga cyane), ababiligi bihutiye kuzana ibiribwa byo kuyirwanya, banategeka abaturage kubihinga ku ngufu (Muzehe wanjye yajyaga ambwira ko babahingishaga cyane cyane imyumbati, ibijumba n’ikawa). Kandi koko iyo urebye kuva igihe cya Ruzagayura (1943~44) nta yindi nzara ikwiriye igihugu cyose twongeye kugira (keretse wenda iyi Nzaramba niramba igasakara hose).
Ibya Rudahigwa n’u Rwanda rwe ni amayobera, ikitanganye gusa ni ibanga n’icyinyoma biba bibiherekeje.
@SAFI: Hypotheses ushyira imbere n’izababirigi nyine hamwe n’amashyaka yafashwaga nabo mu gutera umwiryane mu banyarwanda.Niba wumva ko Ababirigi nta ruhare mu rupfu rwe babigizemo harya Rwagasore w’i Burundi na Lumumba muri Congo nabo uravuga ko bishwe nta kagambane k’ababirigi kabiri inyuma? Ntekereza ko iyo urebye uburyo politiki y’u Rwanda yakomeje gukorwa kuva Rudahigwa yapfa kugeza ejo bundi muri 94 bikwereka uwari ufite uruhare mu rupfu rwe n’icyo yari agamije(kwimika politike y’umwiryane n’amacakubiri aho kureba inyungu rusange z’igihugu nkuko Rudahigwa yabishakaga). Uzasome ibitabo bya Guy Logiest na Jean Paul Harroy bizagufasha kubona uwari ufite inyungu mu rupfu rwa Rudahigwa nibyo bakoraga kugira ngo babigereho.
Ngaho tubwire amazina y’ibyo bitabo tuzabisome. Naho kubivuga gutya nta precision biba ari bya bindi byo gucyatsa gusa.
@ Safi
Thanks.kariya kantu uvuze impanvu Rosaria Gicanda Umugore wa Rudahigwa na Murumuna wa Rudahigwa batahunganye nabandi kandi abaribafite ubushobozibozi bwo guhunga ningirakamaro kubakora analyze yo kunva uko ibintu byaribyifashe muri icyo gihe. Ikindi umuntu yakwibaza ni kuki ingoma ya Kayiyabanda Niya Habyara ziregwa kugirira nabi abatutsi mubihe byazo zitakoze kuri Gicanda nuriya Murumuna wa Rudahigwa. Nunviseko Habyarimana yari yarahaye Rosaria Gicanda modoka leta inahemba abakozi bumokoreraga murugo numushoferi. Nunviseko niriyanzu yo Murukali inyanza leta ya Habyalimana yayiguze amafranga agahabwa Rosaria Gicanda.
Iyi analyse (niba ariko yakwitwa) ni tres simpliste, irerekana ko uwayanditse, soit adafite ubumenyi buhagije kuri fondenents du systeme colonial, kuri histoire du Rwanda mu gihe cy’ubukoloni; soit nta bushobozi afite bwo gukora une analyse scientifique des evenements; soit arabigira nkana agamije kuyobya abasomyi.
Commentaire yawe ni yo iri tres simpliste ugereranyije niyo analyse ahubwo.
Mu batari bishimiye ubutegetsi bwa Rudahigwa, nibagiwe n’abamushijaga ko yatanze u Rwanda igihe arutura Kristu Umwami. Barwanyaga ubukristu muri rusange, n’abamisiyoneri Gatolika bariho baca imihango y’abasokuruza by’umwihariko. Kandi kuba Rudahigwa yarabaye umukristu, byatumye atemera gushyingirwa undi mugore kandi nta mwana yabyaranye na Gicanda, bityo kubona umusimbura biciye mu bwiru bwari busanzwe biba ikibazo. Ku bandi bami iyo byagendaga kuriya, umwami bamushyingiraga abakobwa batwite kugeza habonetsemo ababyara umuhungu uzima ingoma.
Wibagiwe kuvuga reshuffle/appointments z’abashefu yakoze akimara kujyaho, zikamukururira abanzi benshi cyane. Erega iriya Rucucunshu nayo ni umusaraba w’u Rwanda.
Mwiriwe neza. Murakoze kutwibutsa ku mateka y’Umwami w’u Rwanda wabaye intwali yacu mu gihe cye. Nongeye kwihanganisha umuryango we, ndetse n’umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange. Abazsungu nta munyafurika bapfa gukunda gutyo gusa, niyo mpamvu abanyarwanda bashatse bakundana, bakirinda aba banyamahanga babashuka. Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa bivugwa ko yapimaga uburebure bwa 2,10 metres. Ngayo nguko kuri uriya wibazaga indeshyo ye. Nice day. Thanks
Ikinshimishije ni kimwe gusa ko nta comments zishimira urupfu rwa Rudahigwa zanditswe hano. Naho abo bamuhitanye nizere ko nabo rwabagezeho. Kwica kandi nawe uzapfa ni ubuswa cyane.
Suko se! ugirango abamwishe bose hari numwe ukiriho? utarapfuye ashaje yishwe na cancer n’ibindi birwara birangiza abazungu. Bamusanzeyo kandi bo bafite n’amaraso ye mu biganza byabo. Niko Inyoko muntu imera yuzuye ubujuju gusa. niyo waramba ute ntushobora kurenza imyaka 120 kandi icyo gihe ibyamwishe byose byari mu myaka 40 nose ubu bari mu itaka. Padri ati” Iri ni iyobera ry’ukwemera” abantu bakabiseka.
Ariko habuze umunyamateka wasesengura neza akatubwira icyo Rudahigwa yazize? kuvuga ngo umuganga yagiye kumukingira ntibyumvikana, yamukingiraga iki? Kuba Rudahigwa atari afite umwana mwabibaza Rudahigwa kuko Gicanda yari umugore we wa kabiri, uwambere nawe bamujijije ko atabyaraga (rero umugabo niwe wari ufite ikibazo). Ibyo kubatizwa no guha u Rwanda Kristu Umwami ni birebire nabyo.Umwami Kigali bivugwa ko yagiyeho habaye coup d’Etat de Mwima, batangaje ko Kigeli ari we uzaba umwami bamaze gushyingura Rudahigwa, niba hari abiru bakiriho batubwira uko byagombaga kugenda. Ikizwi ni ko Kigeli yatatiye ibyo mukuru we yari yatangiye, yirara muri opposition ariyagarika, barapfa ba Secyugu, ba Mukwiye n’abandi.
Ikindi Umwami Rudahigwa yibukirwaho ni uko kugeza ubu ari we mutegetsi wenyine w’u Rwanda rwo mu bihe bya none(Epoque contemporaine)udashinjwa kuba hari umwenegihugu wishwe bivuye ku itegeko rye. Biratangaje cyane. Iyo abafashe ubutegetsi akimara gutanga cyangwa se ababuhawe n’ababirigi na Loni ku ya 1.7.62 bakurikiza filozofi ye y’imiyoborere u Rwanda rwari kugira amateka atandukanye cyane nayo twabayemo.
Bivugwa ko Umwami Rudahigwa ku itariki ya 25/07/1959 yari i Bujumbura mu gitondo yafashe icyo kunywa muri “Hotel Paguidas” ari kumwe na Muhikira Eugene wari Umusekereteri we hamwe n’abandi banyarwanda babiri. Bigeze nka tanu n’igice (11h30″) Rudahigwa yabwiye bagenzi be ko agiye kureba muganga we, uwo muganga yitwa Dr. j Vinck, ni umubiligi.
Bivugwa ko muri icyo gihe Rudahigwa yari kumwe n’umuganga we, uwo muganga yamuteye urushinge rw’umuti wo mu bwoko bwa antibiotique witwa “mégacilline”. Nyuma amaze kurumutera mu gihe bavuganaga babona Umwami Rudahigwa yituye hasi, bagerageza kumuhembura ariko biranga nyuma arapfa.
Hari hypotheses eshatu abantu bavuga ku bijyanye n’urwo rupfu
1. Hari abavuga ko ari suicide/Kwiyahura, bijyanye n’imihango y’ibwami
2. Hari abavuga ko ari Ababbiligi bamwishe ku bushake
3. Hari abavuga ko urupfu rwe ari impanuka (mort accidentelle) yatewe no kuba umubiri
we utarashoboye kwihanganira urushinge rwa “mégacilline”yari amaze guterwa kandi
umuganga we yararumuteye ashaka kumuvura indwara bari bamaze kuganiraho, atarumuteye
ashaka kumwica nk’uko bamwe babivuga.
Muri ziriya Hypotheses uko ari eshatu, abenshi bahuriza kuri iriya ya gatatu ivuga ko urupfu rwe ari impanuka, kuko muganga we bivugwa ko atashoboraga kumutera urushinge batabyumvikanyeho. Iyo ndwara Rudahigwa yari afite ariko bayigize ibanga, wenda ku mpamvu zo kutamuteza rubanda.
Iyo ndwara yitwa MBURUGU ni imwe muri STD (sexually Transmitted Diseases) zayogoje abanyarwanda mu myaka yo hambere, kimwe n’imitezi, uburagaza,…
Iyo wemeza ngo abenshi bahuriza kuri hypothese ya gatatu uhera kuki? iyo mibare wowe wayikuye he? Ntekereza ko ibi ari bya bitekerezo byo kurangaza abantu. Ninde muntu usoma amateka ya politiki y’u Rwanda yo muri iyo myaka uyobewe uburyo Kiriziya n’abakoloni bari bameranye nabi na Rudahigwa. Ibuka ya baruwa ya Perraudin yo muri careme 59 mbere y’uko Rudahigwa atanga. Ikindi kandi niba koko ababirigi atari bo bamwishe kuki bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gushyigikira amashyaka yarwanyaga ubwami, icyo utabona aho ngaho ni iki? Ikizwi cyo ni uko Rudahigwa yari yagiye i Bujumbura kureba Vice Gouverneur General ngo amuhe visa yo kujya muri USA aho yashakaga andi maboko no kugeza ikibazo cyu Rwanda muri LONI kuko Ababirigi bari bameranye nabi. Ikigaragara Ababirigi bakorga uko bashoboye ngo bakure ku butegetsi abo bari bamaze imyaka 40 bafatanyije kugirango bashyireho abandi bari kubafasha kubungabunga inyungu zabo muri aka karere na nyuma y’ubwigenge kandi niko byagenze. Bityo rero kwihanukira ukemeza ko Ububirigi nta ruhare bufite mu rupfu rwa Rudahigwa ni ukwirengangiza ukuri kugaragarira buri wese. Hejuru aha hari uwabajije ati ese Rwagasore na Lumumba harya nabo bazize iyo mihango y’i bwami n’izo ndwara mwemeza mudafite gihamya. Tujye tureka amarangamutima ashingiye kuri naivete usibye ko rimwe na rimwe aba ari ukujijisha ariko kandi mugani wa wa wundi les faits sont tetus. Urupfu rwa Rudahigwa nabwo ari cas isole kuko politiki y’ububirigi muri aka karere irabyerekana ko wari umugambi wo guca intege ndetse no kwica abanationalistes bose ibihugu bakoronizaga bikajya mu maboko y’abari kujya babumvira nta cyo babajije. Si ko byagenze se?
None se wowe iyo hypothese yawe ushaka gutsindagira abantu ubwirwa n’iki niba ari yo yo? Uwatanze hypothese yatanze izirenze 1 we ubwe yivugira ko zishoboka cg zidashoboka, kuki wowe wumva ko iyo yawe ari yo? Kubera se ko ijyanye n’imyumvire yawe?
Ese abahita bagereka urupfu rwa Rudahigwa ku bazungu, kuki batajya bibaza kuri ibi bikurikira:
1) Amagambo Rudahigwa we ubwe yivugiye mbere yo Kwerekeza i Burundi
2) Amagambo yavuzwe n’abibwami Rudahigwa amaze gutanga
3) Amabanga y’ubucurabwenge yavugaga ko nta mwami ugomba kumerera imvi ku ngoma (bivuze ko nta mwami wagombaga
gusazira ku Ngoma, kandi niko byagendaga)
4) Chronologie y’ubwami yerekanaga neza ko nta mwami w’urwanda warenzanga imyaka 25 ku ngoma kandi Rudahigwa yari
yarayirengeje Kera)
5) N’ibindi byinshi ntiriwe ndondora.
Guhita utsindagira abantu ko hypothese yawe ari yo yo nabyo ntibikosotse.
Njyewe ndumva ko iyo ushatse debate n’umuntu mutemeranwa ugomba kureba hypotheses zose yavuze ugasubiza imwe ku indi naho guterura ibitekerezo byawe gutya ugahita ubitereka aho ushaka kwemeza ko ari uko abantu bose amateka yabaye, ntabwo ari uburyo bwiza. Uriya Safi ntabwo muzi ariko yatanze hypotheses ntabwo yemeje ukuri ari ko kose. Ni twe tugomba kumusubiza dushingiye kuri arguments not so called true versions of facts twaba twarabwiwe .
Murakoze ku mateka.ikindi nabasaba ko mwaazakora interview nabakomoka kuri rudahigwa kandi baracyariho benshi pe.hari abana twiganye mu Byimana I Gitarama bamukomokaho bari barebare nkawe.
Nukuri uvuze neza ubwo se ko wavuganabi intwari yacyera, intwari yacu . yakundaga u Rwanda , umwami Rudahigwa agakunda abanyarwanda bose kimwe , agahuza abanyarwanda aharanira inyungu zarubanda rugufi year akarenganura abarengana, akanyaga abarenganya abandi. Nakuze mukunda ntamuzi kubera amatekaye nubutwari sogokuru nanyogokuru bambwiraga. Ndibuka iyo habaga hari ibirori Ntawinjiraga atamaze Kwirahira Umwami Rudahigwa. Afire amateka kandi yukuri ababyiruka bakwiye kumwigiraho. yangaga agasuzuguro kabazungu, akanabakubita kandi baribatinyitse. yanabakubitiye NGO iwabo mu Bubirigi. sinayavuga NGO nyamarw
Mwibeshye ariko Mwambutsa yatanze muri 1977 ntabwo ari muri 1959.
Comments are closed.