Intambara ya Roma na Carthage

Muntu yamye ashaka kuba umunyembaraga, kuva cyera na kare intambara zarotaga ubwami bupfa n’ubundi inyungu, ubutaka, abagore, n’ibindi bintu umuntu atazana cyangwa ngo avane ku Isi. Byose bitewe no kugirango muntu yumve ko ariwe urusha abandi imbaraga.

Roma na Carthage bwari ubwami bubiri bukomeye cyane buhuriye ku nyanja ya Mediteranee, Roma yahoraga yikanga ko umujyi wa Carthage wazayambura igice kinini cy’inyanja ya Mediteranee, Carthage nayo igahora yikanga abajenerali b’abarwanyi bakomeye ba Roma.

Iyi Carthage yari umujyi  ukomeye uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Tunisia y’ubu.

Ikaba yari yaratejwe imbere n’ubucuruzi  bunyuze mu Nyanja ya Mediteranean.

Yari ituwe n’abantu bacuruza amahembe y’nzovu, amabuye y’agaciro byavaga muri Africa y’abirabura ndetse ariko bagacuruza n’intwaro.

Kubera ukuntu Carthage yagendaga igira imbaraga mu bucuruzi ndetse no mu gisirikare byatumwe umuturanyi wayo w’igihangange ariwe Roma atangira kwikanga.

Ubwoba Roma yari ifitiye Carthage bwari bushingiye ku kuntu Carthage yari imaze kwigarurira imijyi nka Hadrumetum,Utica ndetse na Kerkouane.

Carthage yari yaragutse kugeza ubwo imipaka yayo yageraga kuri butaka bugize Morocco na Algeria  by’iki gihe.

Imijyi nka Sicily na Messina mu nyanja ya Mediteranee yari ihuriro ry’ibyo bihugu bw’ibihangage byombi bityo bigahora bipfa ako gace.

Roma yaje kureba ibona bitazashoboka guturana na Carthage, yiyemeza kuyishozaho intambara.

Intambara hagati yabyo yiswe ‘Punic wars’ igabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu.

1.Icyiciro cya mbere-(264-241)

Yari intambara yarwaniwe mu Nyanja. Hari umutwe w’abacancuro (Mamertines) bari baremereye Carthage ubufasha ariko barayitenguha, bahitamo kwifashiriza Roma kubera indonke nini bijejwe.

Ibyo babitewe n’uko batinyaga ukuntu Roma yazihorera iramutse itsinze Carthage.

Roma imaze gusakirana na Carhtage, igice cya Syracuse nayo yaje kujya mu ruganba ku ruhande rwa Roma maze intambara iba karundura. Bose baharaniraga kwigarurira Sicily.

Carthage imaze gukubitirwa i Agrigentum  muwi -262 yahisemo kurwanira hafi y’inyanja ikeka ko ariho ingabo zayo zizi kurwanira  neza kurushaho.

Kandi koko zatsindikiye iza Abaroma i Lipari Islands. Roma yahise irakara maze irihorera karahava. Yohereje amato menshi agamije gutsinda Carthage bidasubirwaho.

Muri make intambara ya Punic ya mbere yari uruvange rwo gutsinda no gutsindwa hagati y’ibihangange byombi Roma na Carthage.

Ku ruhande rwa Carthage hagati aho yakomeje kwisuganya iriyubaka. Ariko nta bwo Roma nayo yatuje. Nayo yacungiranga hafi ngo irebe aho ibintu bigana.

2.Icyiciro cya Kabiri(-218- 201 Mbere ya Yesu)

Iyi ntambara izwi cyane nkiyarwanywe na General Hannibal wo muri Carthage. Yatsinze ingabo za Roma incuro nyinshi .

Yabatsindiye i Trebia, ku kiyaga cya Trasiemene  ndetse abatsindira ni Cannae.  Gusa ariko intego ye yo guhirimisha Republika ya Roma ntiyayigezeho.

Amaherezo ariko Hanibal yatsindiwe ahitwa Zama muri Afrika atsindwa n’Umujenerali wa Roma witwaga Scipio Africanus.

Intambara yarangiye Carthage isigaye itegeka umujyi umwe gusa.

Mu by’ukuri yari yashegeshwe  bigaragara. Gushegeshwa kwayo kwatewe n’uko itabonaga umusada w’ingabo kuko Umujenerali w’umuroma witwaga Quintus Fabius Maximus  yari yafunze ahantu hose hari kuva ubufasha bw’ingabo z’abaturanyi ba Carthage mu majyaruguru ya Africa.

Roma kandi yari irimo irwana indi ntambara na Macedonia bityo igatatanya imbaraga nyinshi.

Yarangiye Carthage itsinzwe. Abahanga bavuga ko Carthage yazize ko itari yarubatse ingufu nk’izo yari ifite mbere kuko ngo nk’uko Tacite ,umunyamateka w’Umuroma yabyanditse(Les Antiquités Romaines,in Chris Scarre) Carthage yashoboraga gutsinda Roma iyo iza kuba yari yiteguye bihagijje.

Icyiciro cya Gatatu(-149-146)

Intandaro y’iyi ntambara ya rurangiza ngo ni ukongera kuzamuka kwa Carthage byateye Roma umujinya w’umuranduranzuzi.

Kandi ngo yashakaga no guhosha imidugararo yavugwaga  Hispania no  mu Bugiriki uduce twose icyo gihe twategekwaga n’abama b’i Roma.

Ubwo buhangange  mu bya gisirikare bwa Carthage (yari imaze kwisuganya) bwatumye Abaroma benshi batangira gukuka umutima.

Muri bo harimo umuyobozi Marcus Porcius Cato (The Elder). Mu minsi mike avuye i Carthage kuhasura, yaje kujya avuga mu Kilatini ati ”Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam”, bisobanuye ngo”Uko biri kose Carthage igomba kurimburwa”

Roma kugirango yiyenze kuri Carthage yayisabye  ko yasenya umujyi wayo wari ku nkombe ikawimurira kure muri Afrika.

Carthage ikimara kubahakanira Roma yahise itera. Urugamba rwa mbere Carthage yahanganye na Roma karahava.

Roma yahise igaba igitero cya kabiri cyari kiyobowe na Jenerali Scipio Aemilianus  cyigaruriye Carthage mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu yaje kurangira basenya Carthage neza neza ivaho.

Ubu ni amatongo aherereye mu majyaruguru yo hagati ya Tunisia y’ubu.

Ngayo Amateka muri make yaranze Intambara ziswe Punic Wars. Zari zishyamiranije Roma ndetse na Carthage byari ibihangange  muri kiriya  karere bipfa uturere twa Sicily and Messina duturiye inyanja ya Mediteranée.

Sources:

Chris Scarre(1995),The Wars with Carthage,The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome(London)p24-25.

Goldworthy ,The Punic Wars,p 13.

Nizeyimana Jean Pierre

UM– USEKE