Hari ibivuduka kurusha urumuri, Ihame rya Einstein ryaranyomojwe
Abahanga mu bugenge baratangaza ko batunguwe cyane n’ubuvumbuzi ku duce duto tw’ibinyabutabire (particules) dufite umuvuduko uruta uw’urumuri. Ibyo ngo bishobora gukuraho amahame yari asanzwe ariho yagengwaga n’irya relativité rya Einstein.
Ubuvumbuzi bugiye gukururaho ndetse bukanahindura ibyagenderwagaho mu buhanga bw’ubugenge kimwe n’ubundi bumenyi bwiga bishingiye kuri ubwo bumenyi nk’uko bitangazwa na Dario Autiero, umwe mu bakoze ubwo bushakashatsi ndetse n’ihinyuza ryabwo. Ihame rya relativite (ihame rigendera ku bugenge rikagaragaza ihururo riri hagati y’igihe, ireme n’ukuyega) ryari ryashyizweho n’umuhanga Einstein. Iryo hame ryemeza ko umuvuduko w’urumuri ari miliyoni 300 mu isegonda. Uwo mugabo w’umuhanga yemezaga ko mu bintu biba ku isi nta kindi cyasiga urumuri. Ibyo siko bikimeze hagendewe ku buvumbuzi bwagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu cyumba kinini gipimirwamo umuvuduko w’uduce duto tw’ibinyabutabire. Butangaza ko hari uduce duto tw’ibinyabutabire turenza ku muvuduko w’urumuri.
Uwo muvuduko wagaragajwe n’igerageza ryiswe izina rya Opera, ubwo higwaga neutrino, bapima umuvuduko wayo. Mu gihe abahanga mu by’ubugenge bo mu bigo bya CERN na CNRS bavumburaga uwo muvuduko mushya, basanze izo particles zibasha kurendaho kilometero 6 kuri zari zizwi nk’umuhigo w’uduce duto dukoze urumuri. Mu gukora igerageza ryabereye mu cyuma cya particle accelerator kiva mu i Geneva mu Busuwisi kikagera ahitwa Gran Sasso mu Butaliyani ku ntera ya Km 730, basanze izo particles zigendera ku muvuduko wa 300 006 ku isegonda.
N’ubwo iyo ntera ari nto ku buryo bukabije nk’uko bitangazwa n’abo bahanga, byaba ari ikibazo gikomeye ku kwibeshya kuri izo kilometero mu gihe kirekire. Banakomeza bagaragagaza ko byaba ari ikibazo kuko hari byinshi byagiye byubakirwa ku ihame rya relativity. Banakomeza bavuga ko ibyo babonye nta kosa ririmo kuko ari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu kuri za neutrino 15 000, bakoze ku buryo ikigereranyo cyo kwibeshya cyaba munsi kimwe cya miliyari cy’isegonda. Umushakashatsi wo mu kigo cy’iby’ubugenge bwa nucleaire cy’i Lyon, Dario Autiero yagize ati « Ntabwo twari twiteze ko byagera aha, twamaze amezi atandatu tubisubiramo ngo hato tudasanga twibeshye », uwo akaba ari uwari ushinzwe ipima ry’ubushakashatsi Opera. Ngo abo bashakashatsi nabo batunguwe n’ubwo buvumbuzi ku buryo bagiye babusubiramo inshuro nyinshi, ndetse biba ngombwa ko bashaka ibindi bikoresho byo gupima, banashakisha niba mu muyoboro wo munsi y’ubutaka nta kibazo gihari. Ngo ndetse abo bahanga mu bugenge bari bumijwe n’ibyo babonye, babanje kwibaza ko nta mutingito cyangwa se imiterere y’igishishwa cy’isi gihora kigenda, bashakishiriza mu mitingito yaba cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ikirere. Gusa baje gusanga izo neutrinos zifite umuvuduko urenze uw’urumuri.
Kuba ubwo buvumbizi bushyizwe ahagaragara, bamwe mu bahanga batangaza ko byazana impinduka mu bijyanye n’ubugenge. Nk’uko ikigo cya CNRS cyabishyize mu itangazo, « Bitewe n’impinduka ibyavumbuwe byazana ku bugenge, ibyemezo bitagendeye kuri twe bigomba gufatwa kugira ngo ibyavumbuwe byemezwe mu buryo buciye mu mategeko cyangwa se ababihakana biabishyire ahagaragara bakoresheje ukundi wkitegereza ». Iryo tangazo rinakomeza rivuga, « Ninayo mpamvu twashyize ahagaragara ubushakashatsi bwa opera ngo hafungurwe ihinyuza ku banyabugenge bo ku isi yose ». Mu gihe ubwo buvumbuzi buvugwa, abanyabugenge baragenda babivugaho ku buryo butandukanye. Pierre Binetruy, umwe mu bashakashasti, akaba n’umuyobozi wa laboratwari ya Astroparticule n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere i Paris, aravuga ko ahubwo utwo duce duto twa neutrinos twaba twariciriye indi nzira bataramenya. Kuri we, inzira ni eshatu, dimension eshatu hakiyongeraho n’iya kane ariyo igihe. Gusa akomeza yongeraho ko bishoboka ko za neutrinos zaba zibanguka kurusha urumuri, ndetse ko urumuri rutaba arirwo rubanguka ku bice bito by’ibinyabugenge, « Ibyo ntibyaba intandaro yo kuvuga ko Einstein yibeshye » nk’uko yanzura.
Ku bijyanye n’uko ihame rya Einstein ryaba rigiye kutererwa icyizere, umushakashatsi Binetruy, agira ati, « Ihame Einstein yashyizeho ryaba ridakoreshwa mu bintu byose, ariko rikoreshwa henshi, ahubwo wenda ibyo bifungiye izindi nzira ». Kuri ubu, amaso yose ahanzwe ku kundi kwitegereza kwahinyuza cyangwa kukemeza ubwo buvumbuzi. Umushinga urimo ukorerwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika wa Minos wagiriyeho iyo mpamvu mu myaka yashize. Uwo mushinga nawo wari warabonye nk’ibyagaragarajwe na Opera nk’uko bitangazwa na AFP, ibiro ntaramakuru by’Abafaransa. Ikigereranyo cyo kwibeshya ntarengwa cyari kuba kinini cyatumye abahanga badaha agaciro ibyo gupima uwo muvuduko.
Ukundi kuwitegereza kunashingiye ku bipimo nyabyo kurimo kurabera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, kukazatanga ibisubizo byako mu myaka itatu iri imbere, nk’uko bitangazwa n’abandi bashakashatsi barimo Stavros Katsanevas, umwe mu bahanga biga ku bya Asrtoparticules.
Twahirwa Maurice
5 Comments
ibi bintu ni byiza ariko nibirebire cyane binaniye kubirangiza binteye ubunebwe.
mukomeze muvumbure mutubwire ibirinyuma y’intambara zabarabu
Abavugaga muri science ko ngo ibintu byose babivumbuye rero ngaho nibarebereho,bakomeze bashakashake.
Bararenze kbsa arko simpinga einstein ndamwubaha.
Izo km numva zitokuraho ihame kuko ni zike ugereranij n’igiharuro zieretsweko.C’EST UNE INCERTITUDE
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