El Niño bavuga igiye kuduteza akaga n’ibiza bikaze, iterwa n’iki?

Abadepite bo mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’Umuryango w’Africa yo mu Burasirazuba, EALA, baherutse guhurira i Kampala, Uganda,  basaba buri gihugu kigize uyu muryango gufata ingamba zatuma abaturage barindwa ingaruka zizaturuka ku bihe by’ikirere bibi mu minsi iri imbere kubera kwangirika kw’ikirere ndetse n’icyo abahanga bita  El Niño. 

Abadepite bemeza ko amakuru bahawe n’inzobere mu bumenyi bw’ikirere yemeza ko mu mezi cyangwa imyaka micye iri imbere ibi bihugu bizibasirwa n’imyuzure n’ubutayu bizaterwa na  El Niño  ndetse n’izindi mpamvu ziterwa n’iyangirika ry’ibidukikije.

Kuri uyu wa Kabiri, 01 Nzeri 2015 inzego za Leta zifite aho zihurira n’ibidukikije ndetse no kurengera abantu batuye ahantu hateje akaga(MIDMAR, Ikigo cyita ku micungire y’ibiza…) baburiye Abanyarwanda batuye mu manegeka kuhava kuko ngo bashobora kuzahura n’akaga gakomeye kubera biriya biza kurusha uko byagenze mbere hose.

El Niño  ni iki? Igira ingaruka kuri Africa gusa?

El Niño  isobanurwa n’abahanga mu bumenyi bw’isi nk’ uburyo amazi yo ku nkombe z’inyanja ya Pacifique ashyuha kubeka imiyaga, ubu bushyuhe bukaba buba busobanurwa nk’ubudasanzwe.

Ubu bushyuhe budasanzwe bavuga ko bukunda kuboneka hagati y’imyaka iri hagati y’ibiri n’irindwi kandi bumara hagati y’amezi icyenda n’imyaka ibiri.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara bya El Niño   ni uko uko urusobe n’imikorere y’imiyaga ituranye n’inkombe z’inyanja bihinduka.

Bigira ingaruka ku kirere cy’uduce  duturanye n’inyanja y’Abahinde, igihugu cya Indonesia na Australia.

Ikindi ni uko iyi miyaga igira ingaruka ku gihugu cya Peru( Amerika y’epfo) bigatuma habaho imvura mu duce tw’ubutayu, ibintu bidasanzwe.

Kubera igihe El Niño  ishobora kumara, bigira ingaruka ku bimera ndetse no ku musaruro ubikomokaho.

Ikibazo kibitera ni uko imiyaga iba yifitemo amazi  yatuma ahantu runaka hagwa imvura yimukira ahandi hantu bigatuma aho avuye hasigara amapfa aterwa n’ubutayu kubera kubura imvura.

Ibi bituma ibiciro bizamuka mu duce tumwe  na tumwe ahandi bikagwa , ibi ariko biba cyane mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi n’ubworozi.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanywe na Kaminuza ya Cambridge  bwerekana ko ibihugu nka Australia, Chile, Indonesia, India, Japan, New Zealand  na South Africa bihomba kubera iyi El Niño,  naho ibindi bihugu nka Argentina, Canada, Mexico na the United States bikahungukira kubera ubuhinzi buhura n’ibihe byiza by’imvura irimo ubutare nka Zinc.

Bitewe n’uko iyi miyaga iba ishyushye igenda yihuta kandi ikusanya amazi ari mu yindi miyaga mike iba iri hafi aho ndetse n’amazi atutumba ava mu nyanja ya Pacifique iyo igeze ahantu hari imisozi miremire irirundanya ikazavamo ibicu bibitse amatoni y’amazi avamo imvura zikomeye zisenya amazu, zigateza imyuzure, inkangu n’ibindi biza.

Iyo hamwe hari imyuzure n’ibindi, ahandi baba bagiye guhangana n’ubutayu buturuka ku bushyuhe bukabije.

Muri Africa cyane cyane iyi Africa y’Uburasirazuba, guhera muri Werurwe kugeza muri Gicurasi, ibihugu nka Kenya, Tanzania, n’ahandi bagira ikibazo cy’imvura zimara igihe runaka.

Benshi bibuka uko byari bimeze mu mezi ashize muri Kenya mbere gato y’uko Obama abasura.

Imvura yayogoje Nairobi n’ahandi muri Tanzania.

Mu majyepfo yo hagati muri Africa ho haba ubushyuhe bwinshi, bugatuma ubutaka bugagara,  cyane cyane mu bihugu nka Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozimbique na Botswana.

Iyi mimerere igera no mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’Aziya no mu Majyaruguru ya Australia cyane cyane ahitwa Queensland, Victoria, New South Wales na Tasmania.

Iyi El Niño igira ingaruka nyinshi mu mikorere y’imiyaga, inyanja ndetse n’ubukungu bw’isi cyane cyane ubushingiye ku buhinzi n’ubworozi.

Abahanga bemeza ko  El Niño izateza akaga muri aka gace dutuye k’Africa.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW