Duterere akajisho ku masezerono ya Arusha amaze imyaka 20

Ku itariki 4 Kanama 1993, imyaka 20 irahise, ubwo hasinywaga amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha muri Tanzania, amasezerano yari agamije kugarura amahoro no kugabana ubutegetsi hagati ya Leta n’andi mashyaka, by’umwihariko n’umutwe wafatwaga nk’inyeshyamba wa FPR-Inkotanyi utari woroheye ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, amasezerano ariko atarigeze ashimisha Abahutu b’intagondwa byatumye bihutisha umugambi wabo wo gutsemba abatutsi, umugambi baje gushyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma y’amezi umunani amasezerano asinywe, Abatutsi abasaga miliyoni imwe bahasiga ubuzima.

Mazimpaka Patrick

Ibiganiro hagati y’intumwa za Leta ya Habyarimana n’iza FPR byatangiye Kamena 1992, Ariko tariki ya 4 Kanama 1993, niyo yasaga n’aho ari igisubizo cy’ibibazo u Rwanda rwarimo kuva kwezi kw’Ukwakira 1990, bishingiye ahanini ku ntambara yahanganishaga ingabo za Leta y’icyo gihe EX-FAR n’umutwe w’inyeshyamba z’Abanyarwanda bifuzaga gutahuka mu gihugu cyabo bagiyeemo kubera imyivumbagatanyo yakurikiye impinduka zo mu 1959, inyeshyamba zari ziturutse muri Uganda, ariko zinagamije ko habaho u Rwanda rugendera ku mategeko, rutavangura Abanyarwanda kandi ruha ubwisanzure amashyaka menshi.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko intagondwa z’Abahutu ntizumvaga ukuntu Perezida Habyarimana yemeye kugabana ubutegetsi na FPR, gucyura impunzi z’Abatutsi zari imahanga, kubashyira mu myanya y’ubutegetsi, kubinjiza mu gisirikare cya guverinoma n’ibindi, kuko benshi muri bo bumvaga bagiye gutakaza icyubahiro cyabo.

Raporo y’umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe ivuga ko aya amsezerano atageze kucyo yari agamije kuko atabujije Akazu gukomeza umugambi wako wo kubiba urwango, irondakarere, ironda koko n’ibindi byaje gutuma ahubwo nyuma y’amezi umunani gusa haba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kandi na Demokarasi yari igamijwe itagezweho.

Nyuma y’imyaka 20 aya masezerano asinywe ariko ntagere ku ntego zayo, ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique(JA) dukesha iyi nkuru cyaganiriye na Patrick Mazimpaka, w’imyaka 65, yari komiseri ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga muri FPR.

Arinawe wari wungirije Pasiteri Bizimungu wari uyoboye itsinda ryajyaga mu biganiro rihagarariye FPR, yanagize uruhare rukomeye mu biganiro.

Mazimpaka kandi yabaye visi-Perezida w’umuryango w’Afurika yunze Ubumwe kuva mu mwaka wa 2003-2008.

Ikiganiro bagiranye

JA(Jeune Afrique): Dufite akamenyero ko gufata FPR nk’aho ariyo yabonye insinzi ya Politiki mu biganiro bya Arusha. Byatewe no kwicamo ibice byari mu ntumwa za Guverinoma?

Mazimpaka: Ku ruhande rumwe, Perezida Habyarimana yari ku gitutu cyo kwemera amashyaka menshi mu itegeko nshinga no gushyiraho guverinoma nshya ihuriweho n’impande zose.

cyo gihe amashyaka yarwanyaga ubutegetsi yakoreraga imbere mu gihugu nayo yungukiye ku mpinduka FPR yari izanye.

Urebye intumwa za guverinoma zari ziciyemo ibice, hari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wari uziyoboye, Boniface Ngulinzira(waje kwicwa ku munsi wa mbere wa Jenoside) yari umukada wa MDR-Parmehutu, ishyaka ryasaga n’iritavuga rumwe n’ubutetsi.

Ku rundi ruhande hari Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Uganda, Claver Kanyarushoki wari uhagarariye inyungu za Habyarimana by’umwihariko nawe uteri woroshye na Théoneste Bagosora nawe wari uhagarariye igisirikare.

JA: Mu biganiro ni ikihe kintu cyabagoye cyane kucyumvikanaho?

Mazimpaka: Cyane cyane kubyerekeye kugabana ubutegetsi. Perezida wa Repubulika wari ukomeye muri icyo gihe, byamusabye gusubira inyuma agenda anyura mu nzego zitandukanye akusanya ibitekerezo kuri icyo kintu. Byari bigoye kwemeza Habyarimana ko agomba kwemera kugabana ubutegetsi n’abo bahanganye.

JA: Col. Bagosora afatwa nk’umuyobozi n’umucurabwenge w’umugambi wa Jenoside yo mu 1994, ndetse n’ubutabera bwamukatiye igifungo cy’imyaka 35 nyuma yo guhamwa n’ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyibasiye inyoko muntu. Muri icyo gihe we yavugaga iki?

Mazimpaka: Kimwe na Kanyarushoki, Bagosora ntiyakozwaga igitekerezo cyo gucyura impunzi z’abatutsi. Kubwabo, guverinoma ntiyagombaga kwemera namba ibyo FPR isaba, ahubwo bakifuza ko intambara yakubura bundi bushya kandi wasangaga bahagarara ku bitekerezo byabo aho bari hose buri gihe, kabone no mu biganiro bisanzwe byo hanze mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko.

JA: Ni ukuri koko ubwo Bagosora yavaga mu biganiro bya Arusha mu mpera z’umwaka 1992, asubiye i Kigali yavuze ko agiye “gutegura imperuka” nk’uko bivugwa?

Mazimpaka: Twari hafi gusinya amasezerano kubijyanye no kugabana ubutegetsi, yagombaga gusinywa tariki 9 Mutaramo 1993. Bagosora atubwira ko Perezida atazabyemera.

Turi kuri Hotel aho twabaga mu gihe cy’ibiganiro, nari kumwe nawe muri ascenseur na bagenzi banjye nka babiri cyangwa batatu, Bagosora yari yamaze kuzinga utwe agiye gutaha kuko imishyikirano yari imaze iminsi myinshi, namubajije impamvu agiye nk’umuntu w’umwana/udakuze.

Yaransubije ngo asubiye iwe/iwabo “gutegura imperuka”. Yivugiye iyo nteruro mu magamboye mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa. Iyo yamvugishaga mu gifaransa namenyaga ko yarakaye cyane.

JA: Nyuma twaje kubona ko ariya masezerano yari afite ibindi ahishe ku ntagondwa z’Abahutu, bagisubira iwabo(mu Rwanda) byaje gutuma benyegeza umugambi wabo wa Jenoside. FPR yigeze itekereza cyane ko ibyo Bagosora yari yavuze bitari ukwivugira gusa?

Mazimpaka: Mu gihe FPR yari yahisemo inzira yo kuganira, yagombaga no kubaha ibiyakubiyemo.
Ibyo kubahiriza amasezerano yari yasinywe byari mu biganza by’umuryango mpuzamahanga, n’ibihugu nka Tanzania yari yarakiriye ibi biganiro, Zaïre (ubu yabaye DRC) yari umuhuza mu biganiro, n’ibindi bitandukanye nka Uganda, Burundi, Ubudage, Ububiligi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Ubufaransa, Nigeria na Zimbabwe byari indorerezi, byagomba kureba ko ibiyakubiyemo bishyirwa mu bikorwa.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko imiryango nk’umuryango w’abibumbye “ONU” n’umuryango w’Afurika yunze ubumwe “OUA” (ubu yabaye AU) nayo byarayirebaga.

Twatekerezaga ko bishoboka kugabanya cyangwa guca intege n’ubufasha bwatizaga umurindi intagondwa n’ibikorwa byazo, niyo mpamvu twasabye umuryango w’abibumbye kohereza ingabo zo kubungabunga umutekano w’abaturage, kuko ubwicanyi bwa hato na hato bwari bwaratangiye kuba.
Uretse kugeza n’ubu Abanyarwanda tukibaza icyazizanye kuko zitarinze abaturage nk’uko intego yabo yari iri.

Kamanzi Vénuste
UM– USEKE.RW