Africa: Ibihugu 10 bya mbere biteye ubwoba

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2007, Global Peace Index  ishyira ku rutonde ibihugu byose bigize isi, ihereye ku bifite umutekano ikageza ku biteye ubwoba kurusha ibindi. Mu rutonde rwashyizwe ahagaragara muri ukukwezi kwa Nyakanga  rwerekanye ibihugu 10 byambere biteye ubwoba muri Africa

10. Ethiopia:

Ethiopia iza ku mwanya wa 10 mu biteye ubwoba muri Africa, kubera ubwinvikane buke ifitanye n’igihugu cy’igituranyi cya Eritrea, nyuma y’imyaka 10 ishize bavuye mu ntambara yabahuzaga. Umutekano muke kandi uterwa n’ubushyamirane buri hagati y’imitwe ibiri umwe urwanira mu majyepfo hakize ku mabuye y’agaciro, n’undi ubarizwa mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa Ethiopia na Eritrea. Amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu yabaye mu mwaka wa 2010, yatsinzwe n’ishyaka rya Meles Zenawi wabaye minisitiri w’intebe imyaka igera kuri 19 yose. Nyuma yaya matora rero imitwe myinshi yigometse ku butegetsi kugeza ubu amayira menshi muri Ethiopia ngo ateye ubwoba.

9. Burundi

U Burundi buza ku mwanya wa 9, kubera ahanini ubwicanyi buhorayo hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi.  Mu matora ya 2010, hari hitezwe ko intambara ishobora kurangira, ariko nyuma yuko CNDD-FDD ishyaka ryari kubutegetsi ryatsindaga iryo byari bihanganye mu matora ariryo FLN, ku bwiganze bw’amajwi 64%. FLN ntiyashimishijwe n’amatora, yahise igana iy’ishyamba intambara y’urudaca itangira ityo kugeza n’ubu. I Bujumbura ngo ntiwakwizera umutekano wose.

8. Zimbabwe

Kuva Robert Mugabe yajya ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 1980, Zimbabwe yagiye irangwa n’umutekano muke, ariko byaje kuba agahoma munwa nyuma y’amatora ya 2008 yahuje Mugabe na Morgan Tsvangirai. Intambara yaje guhosha nyuma yaho Mugabe na Tsvangirai abavangiye ingabo, Mugabe aba perezida naho Tsvangirai bari bahanganye akaba minisiti w’intebe. Amakimbirane akomeye yongeye kuba mu mwaka wa 2010, ubwo invururu zavukaga mu gihugu, kuburyo hagaragaye icyizere gike cy’uko amatora ya 2011 yaba mumutekano.

7. Tchad

Tchad yagaruye isura y’umutekano wayo mu mwaka wa 2009, nyuma y’amasezereno ya Doha, yabaye hagati ya Tchad na Sudan. Ariko nyuma y’invururu nyinshi zibera muri Sudan Tchad nayo yaje kwisanga mu bihe bibi by’umutekano muke. Umutekano wagaruye isura nziza nyuma yaho Idriss Déby atsindiye amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu. Gusa haracyari urwikekwe hagati y’ubari ku butegetsi n’abadashyigikiye leta iriho ubu, bigakurura umutekano mucye muri Tchad.

6. Nigeria

Nubwo ari kimwe mu bihugu biteye imbere muri Africa, imvvururu zibera mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu ntizigeze zikemurwa n’amatora ya Goodluck Jonathan, yo muri Gicurasi 2011.  Iki gihugu cyambere mu bituwe cyane muri Africa, ku baturage bacyo miliyoni 155, kirangwa cyane n’umwiryane uri hagati y’aba Isiramu n’abakirisitu, aho habarurwa abantu bagera ku bihumbi 20 bamaze guhitanwa n’izo nvururu, nyuma y’imyaka 10 ishize. Izindi mvururu z’urudaca zirangwa mu majyepfo ya Nigeria ahikubiye abakire bigajemo aborozi n’abacuruzi baba kirisitu. Haranga imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ndetse n’iyiterabwoba.

5. Libya

Nyuma y’intamabara z’urudaca zaranzwe mu bihugu by’abarabu kuva mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2011, abaturage ba Libya biganye ibyo bagenzi babo bo muri Tunisia na Misiri bakoze byo guhirika ubutegetsi, nabo bashaka guhirika ingoma ya Mouammar Kadhafi.  Nubwo ingabo za OTAN zaje guhosha intambara y’abaturage n’ubutegetsi bwa Mouammar Kadhafi, ntizashoboye kubigeraho, kuko nubu umutekano utaragaruka mu gihugu.

4. République Centrafricaine

Iki gihugu cyagiye kirangwa n’imvururu nyinshi hagati ya 2010 na 2011, ariko ibintu byaje kuba urudaca nyuma yaho François Bozizé yongeye gutorerwa kuyobora iki gihugu. Imvururu zibera mu majyaruguru y’igihugu zagiye zizana umutekano muke mu gihugu kuburyo bashaka kuhagira igice kigenzurwa n’abasirikare gusa.  Imvururu zikomeye kandi ziganje mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba hagenzurwa n’ingabo z’umutwe wa  Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), uyobowe na Joseph Kony.

3. RDC

Igihugu cya kongo cyagiye kirangwa n’umutekano muke uterwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro iri ku butaka bwayo cyane cyane mu ntara za Kivu zombi. Kuva aho interahamwe zihungiye muri Congo, zakomeje guteza umutekano muke n’intambara z’urudaca. Izindi ntambara zazanye umutekano muke ni iza FRDC na CNDP ya Nkunda, ndetse tutibagiwe n’inyeshyamba zaturutse mu gihugu cya Uganda. Uburasirazuba bwa Congo ntibwigeze bugira amahoro, kuva intambara yo gukuraho Mobutu Sese Seko yatangira, kugeza n’ubu ku butegetsi bwa Kabila.

2. Soudan

Hashize imyaka myinshi iki gihugu kirangwa mo intambara z’urudaca, aho nyuma y’imyaka ine gusa hamaze kubarurwa infu z’abantu bagera kuri 300.000 na na miliyoni ebyiri n’igice (2,5 million) zimaze guhunga igihugu. Nubwo  perezida Omar el-Béchir yasinyanye amasezereno y’amahoro n’umutwe wa JEM muri 2006, ariko byabaye ibyubusa kuko 2010 imitwe yombi yongeye gushyamirana, bituma ONU yongerera amasezerano ingabo zayo mu ntara ya Darfur. Nubwo Soudan y’amagepfo yabaye igihugu cyigenga ku itariki ya 9 Nyakanga 2011, ariko urwikekwe hagati y’ibihugu byombi nti rurashira.  Imvururu zabereye mu gace ka Abyei zahitanye abantu beshi, ariko ubu abantu bafite agahenge nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Soudan y’amajyepfo.

1. Somalia

Kuva mu mwaka wa 1991, Somalia yaranzwe n’intambara z’urudaca zishyamiranya ubutegetsi buyobowe na perezida  Cheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed n’imitwe y’aba isiramu bivugwa ko ikorana na al-Qaida. Kuva Ahmed yajya ku butegetsi, ntarashobora guhuza umurwa mu kuru Asmala wabaye isibaniro ry’imirwano n’ibindi bice by’igihugu. leta y’inzibacyuho yari iteganijwe kuzarangira muri uyu mwaka wa 2011, yongerewe manda y’umwaka umwe ngo babone uko bategura amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu.  Nyuma y’izo mvururu, hamaze kubarurwa abantu bagera kuri miliyoni imwe n’ibice ikenda (1,9 millions) bahunze igihugu nkuko bitangazwa na HCR.Somalia ubu akaba aricyo gihugu muri Africa ujyayo agenda yikandagira atazi niba agaruaka.

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