Umuntu yaba yarakomotse muri Afrika mu myaka 60.000 gusa ishize

Abahanga bari basanzwe bafite ibitekerezo bya gihanga (theories) bitandukanye ku myaka umuntu yaba amaze avuye muri Afrika yerekeza mu tundi duce tw’Isi (Aziya,n’Uburayi).

Uwari uzwi ko ari uwa kera kurusha abandi yitwa Tumai (Sahalanthropus Tchadensis) akaba avugwaho ko amaze imyaka million zirindwi abayeho. Gusa ariko abashakashatsi  bamwe bavuga ko ashobora kuba atari umuntu ahubwo yari Ingagi cyangwa Chimpanzee(a hominid).

Ubu rero abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Huddersfield,West Yorkshire,  mu Ubwongereza bemeza ko umuntu amaze imyaka ibihumbi mirongo itandatu yonyine yimutse akava muri Afrika.

Ibi babishingira  ku bisubizo byarekanwa n’amamashini apima ingirabuzima fatizo (DNA) z’ibisigazwa by’amagufwa y’abantu cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima byapfuye kera cyane.

Prof Martin Richards afatanyije na  bagenzi be mu nyandiko yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences cyandikirwa muri iyo Kaminuza bemeza ko umuntu yavuye muri Africa agana muri Aziya  anyuze mu muhoora wepfo y’Ihembe rya Afrika agana mu butayu bwa Arabiya .

Bavuga ko ibyo byabaye mbere y’iruka ry’ikirunga cya Toba muri Sumatra muri Indoneziya Abashakashatsi bakorera mu Buhinde bemeza ko ngo ibyo byarabaye umuntu amaze imyaka 120.000 abaye kw’isi.

Mu mwaka w’i 2007,abahanga bavumbuye ibikoresho bikozwe mu mabuye (stone tools) bivugwako umuntu yifashishaga  mu  buzima bwe bwa buri munsi.

Nk’uko Prof Paul Mellars abivuga ngo ‘iki ni ikindi gihamya ko umuntu yariho koko muri kiriya gihe’. Ubuhinde bahisemo ku bukoreramo ubushakashatsi kuko ngo ‘umuntu avuye mu butayu bwa Arabiya yagannye mu Ubuhinde kubera ukuntu ikirere cyaho cyari kifashe.

Bashingiye ku bushakashatsi bwari busanzwe bwarakozwe,bakanashingira mu bisubizo bwa gihanga bita Mitochondrial DNA(gupima intimatima y’ingirabuzima fatizo),iyo kipe iyobowe na Prof Richards yemeza ko umuntu amaze imyaka ibihumbi mirongo itandatu abaye akwirakwiriye kw’Isi avuye muri Afrika.

Umwanditsi wo muri Daily Mail witwa Lewis Smith nawe yanditse ko ubwo bushakashatsi ari ingirakamaro cyane ku bahanga b’iki gihe biga intangiriro zo kubaho k’umuntu no kugenda atura ahantu henshi kw’Isi(Anthropologists) Icyo abahanga b’Abanyarwanda babivugaho.

Bamwe mu bahanga b’Abanyarwanda bashingiye ku bumenyi bwabo nabo bagize icyo bavuga kuri iyi nkuru. Umwalimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda akaba inzobere mu mateka Dr Nkaka Raphael avuga ko  iyo myaka ibihumbi mirongo itandatu igomba kuba ari micye cyane .

Avuga kucyo we ashingiraho yagize ati:“Biragoye kumenya mu by’ukuri igihe umuntu yabereyeho hano kw’Isi ndetse n’ukuntu yagiye yimuka agana mu tundi turere” Jye nitondera kuvuga ko abantu batuye aha cyangwa hariya muri iki gihe, kuko ushobora gusanga wenda abo bahatuye barahaje nyuma y’abandi wenda abo barishwe n’ibiza runaka bagashira”.

Prof Nyagahene Antoine umwalimu w’amateka avuga ko ubundi byose byaterwa n’uwo muntu abo bahanga bavuga. (Ntabwo ari umuyobozi wungirije muri Kaminuza ya INATEK nkuko byavuzwe mbere)

Kuri we ngo baratandukanye kuko Homo-robustus atigeze atembera ahubwo ko ari Homo Erectus wimutse akajya gutura ahandi Afrika itangiye kuba ubutayu .

Bityo rero ngo ibyo abo bashakashatsi banditse birashoboka. Ariko bishingiye kuri uwo wimukaga. Prof Nkaka we yemera ko niba abo bashakashatsi berekana ukuntu ibintu byagenze, nta mpamvu yatuma umuntu abihakana bidasubirwaho.

Kandi n’ubundi amateka agirwa no guhora abantu bashakashaka. Abemera Imana bo bavuga ko Rurema ariwe waremye byose, abahanga bo bicara babishakira aho byaba byarakomotse.

Nizeyimana Jean Pierre
UM– USEKE.RW