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Byinshi ku ntwari z’u Rwanda

Uko umwaka utashye tariki ya mbere Gashyantare, u Rwanda rwizihiza Umunsi w’Intwari. Intwari z’igihugu zifite ibikorwa by’ubutwari zakoze bituma zishyirwa mu nzego z’Intwari z’Igihugu zinyuranye nk’uko twabigarutse ho mu nkuru yacu y’ubushize.

Uturutse hejuru iburyo hari Gen. Major Fred Gisa Rwigema, Agathe Uwilingiyimana (ibumoso) naho hasi uhereye iburyo hari Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa na Michel Rwagasana
Uturutse hejuru iburyo hari Gen. Major Fred Gisa Rwigema, Agathe Uwilingiyimana (ibumoso) naho hasi uhereye iburyo hari Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa na Michel Rwagasana

Mu nkuru twabagejejeho kuwa 29 Mutarama 2013 (kanda hano uyisome) twavuze inzego z’intwari z’igihugu arizo Imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi. Twanabaviriye imuzingo ibintu 9 biziranga nk’uko byashyizwe ahagaraga n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Intwari, Imidari n’Impeta by’ishimwe.

Nk’uko twari twabibasezeranyije, muri iyi nkuru tugiye kubagezaho birambuye intwari z’igihugu zose uko zakabaye.

Intwari y’Ingabo itazwi izina (‘Imanzi’)

Ingabo itazwi ni izina ry’Intwari ihagarariye Ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa se zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanirira Igihugu. Ingabo itazwi ni izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi Ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye. Imva y’Ingabo itazwi izina, ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze, baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.

Imanzi Major General Fred Gisa Rwigema

Major Gen. Fred Gisa Rwigema yavukiye i Mukiranze, mu Karere ka Kamonyi ku itariki ya 10 Mata 1957. Ababyeyi be ni Anasitazi Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandirima. Amazina yiswe n’ababyeyi be ni Emmanuel Gisa. Yashakanye na Jeannette Urujeni, basezerana ku wa 20 Kamena 1987. Babyaranye abana babiri, ari bo Gisa Junior na Gisa Teta. Fred yaguye ku rugamba i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira 1990, mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda.

Intwari y’Imanzi Maj. Gen. Fred Gisa Rwigema yarwanye mu ntambara zinyuranye zo mu bihugu by’Afurika nko muri Uganda Mozambique Angola n’ahandi, muri iyo mirwano yose yo, Fred Rwigema yari umusirikare nyakuri, w’intangarugero mu mikorere n’imyifatire, arangwa n’ikinyabupfura no kubahiriza amategeko. Muri byose kandi yahozaga u Rwanda ku mutima, adahwema kuvuga ko “Kubohora u Rwanda ari ngombwa”.

Fred Gisa Rwigema yaranzwe n’ubupfura n’ubuhanga, kuba umunyakuri, areba kure, azi kwihangana, yubaha bose, ayoboresha urugero, akunda umuco wa kinyarwanda n’imikino, aba umuhuza w’abantu. Yabaye urugero rwo kwitanga no gukunda igihugu bihebuje.

Imanzi Gen. Major Fred Gisa Rwigema
Imanzi Gen. Major Fred Gisa Rwigema

Imena Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre

Mutara Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre ni mwene Yuhi Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Radegonde. Mutara Rudahigwa yavukiye i Nyanza ya Mwima muri Werurwe 1911.

Yashakanye bwa mbere na Nyiramakomali ku wa 15 Ukwakira 1933, batana mu 1940, nyuma ashaka Gicanda Rosalie ku wa 18 Mutarama 1942. Gicanda Rosalie we yari yarabatijwe akiri umukobwa. Mutara yabatijwe na Musenyeri Léon Classe ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1943, yitwa Charles Léon Pierre, abyarwa muri batisimu na Pierre Ryckmans wari Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo Mbiligi na Ruanda-Urundi, abatiranwa na nyina, Umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi Radegonde.

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda. Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera, abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage.

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda , ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba Abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza ndetse yanohereje Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Yashatse gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga uyu Mwami ntazigera yibagiranwaho imvugo yasakaye mu Rwanda igira iti “Aho kwica Gitera wakica ikibimutera”. Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo ndetse yabizize nk’uko abariho mu gihe cye babivuga.

Imena Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa
Imena Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa

Imena Rwagasana Michel

Rwagasana Michel ni mwene Rugango na Nyiramujyambere (Bajyembere). Yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu 1927. Yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire mu 1956 babyarana abana batanu. Yize amashuri abanza i Kabgayi kuva mu 1940 kugera mu wa 1945, ayisumbuye ayiga muri Groupe Scolaire Astrida (Butare) kuva mu wa 1945 kugera mu wa 1950, ahakura impamyabushobozi mu by’ubutegetsi (Diplôme d’Assistant Administratif).

Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye. Yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbiligi i Bujumbura, aba Umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho mu 1954, yabaye Umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa. Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri, yabaye kandi Umunyamabanga wa mbere wa UNAR ndetse yabaye umwe mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri LONI.

Imena Rwagasana Michel
Imena Rwagasana Michel

Imena Uwilingiyimana Agathe

Uwilingiyimana Agathe ni mwene Ntibashirakandi Yuvenali na Nyirantibangwa Saverina. Yavukiye i Gikore muri Kibingo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 23 Kamena 1953, ashakana na Barahira Ignas mu 1976, babyarana abana batanu. Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda kuva ku wa 17 Nyakanga 1993, yicwa n’abari ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR) ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994.

Uwilingiyimana Agathe yagize yarwanyije akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bw’irondakarere n’irondakoko byarangaga Leta yari iyobowe na Habyarimana Juvenal. Mu gihe cya Jenoside Uwilingiyimana Agathe yaranzwe n’ubwitange buhebuje mu gihe yakomezaga ubuyobozi, agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi.

Imena Uwilingiyimana Agathe
Imena Uwilingiyimana Agathe

Imena Niyitegeka Félicité

Niyitegeka Félicité ni mwene Sekabwa Simoni na Nyirampabuka Angelina. Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Mujyi wa Huye mu 1934. Yari ubuheta mu muryango w’abana icumi, barimo Colonel Nzungize Alphonse wategekaga Ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Bigogwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Niyitegeka Félicité yize amashuri abanza i Butare mu kigo cyayoborwaga n’Ababikira Bera kuva mu 1941 kugera mu 1946, akomeza ayisumbuye i Save mu ishuri ry’Abarimukazi (Ecole de Monitrices) ryayoborwaga n’Ababikira Bera.

Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nyuma yo kwanga kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi. Musaza we Col. Nzungize yari yamutumyeho ngo asezerere izo mpunzi maze ave muri icyo kigo agisigemo Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa ariko arabyanga avuga ko aho kubasiga yapfana nabo.

Niyitegeka Félicité yarangwaga n’ubutwari buri munsi haba mu mirimo umuntu yabaga aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye.

Imena Niyitegeka Félicité
Imena Niyitegeka Félicité

Imena z’Abana b’i Nyange

Mu gihe u Rwanda rwari rwugarijwe n’ibitero by’Abacengezi, Abana b’i Nyange bagaragaje ubutwari bukomeye cyane. Abacengezi binjiye mu kigo cy’ishuri cy’i Nyange ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997, basaba abanyeshuri kwitandukanya aho bababwiye ngo Abahutu bajye ukwabo Abatutsi najye ukwabo. Abanyeshuri banze kubumvira kandi bazi neza ko bashobora kubizira. Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari muri kiriya kigo mu ijoro ryo kuwa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu, baba abapfuye n’abatarapfuye kugeza magingo aya.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemeye guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura. Aba bana babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Mu gutegura iyi nkuru twifashishijwe inyandiko ya Minisiteri y’Umuco na Siporo, yiswe “Intwari z’u Rwanda”, yanditswe mu 2004.

UBWANDITSI
UM– USEKE.COM

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  • wakozekuduhayamateka,natwehanokarembure,yagahanga,twayifashijemubiganiro

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