2019: Bimwe mu bibazo bishobora kuzaranga Africa

Abasesengura uko umwaka wa 2018 wari wifashe basanga  hari ibibazo bishobora kuzaranga Politiki y’Africa muri 2019. Ngo Africa yunze ubumwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye bagomba gutangira gutekereza ku muti wabyo hakiri kare.

Ibyo bibazo ni ibi:

Nigeria

Ku ikibitiro basanga amatora y’Umukuru w’igihugu ateganyijwe muri Nigeria muri Gashyantare, 2019 ariyo azaza ku isonga mu bibazo Africa izagira muri uyu mwaka.

Perezida Muhammadu Buhari azaba ahanganye n’uwahoze ari Visi Perezida we witwa Atiku Abubakar. Nigeria ni igihugu gifite politiki isanzwe izwiho kurangwa n’ubukana mu gihe cy’amatora.  Abahanga bavuga ko bizarushaho kuba bibi kuko n’ubundi Leta isanzwe ifite umutwe wa Boko Haram uhanganye nayo guhera muri 2015.

Kugeza ubu abateganya kuziyamamariza uyu mwanya ni 39. Ihuriro ry’amashyaka ari ku butegetsi riherutse gutakaza bamwe mu bayoboke baryo bakomeye bigiriye mu batavuga rumwe na Leta.

Raporo iherutse gusohorwa n’Ikigo International Crisis Group (ICG) ivuga ko amakimbirane hagati ya Buhari n’abayobora Inteko ishinga amategeko(imitwe yombi) yakerereje iyemezwa ry’ingengo y’imari yari igenewe Komisiyo y’amatora hamwe n’inzego z’inzego z’umutekano.

Ibi ngo byadindije imyiteguro y’amatora muri rusange.

Kwibasira ba  ‘nyamuke’

Muri Nigeria kandi amateka ya vuba yerekanye ko iyo hari ibitagenze neza mu myiteguro n’imikorere y’amatora, abaturage bagize ubwoko cyangwa idini bya ba nyamuke aribo bahohoterwa.

Hari raporo yerekana ko ariko byagenze mu 2011 ubwo nyuma y’imyigaragambyo  abaturage ba nyamuke aribo bishwe mo abagera kuri 800 bashinjwa kuba inyuma y’abayiteguye n’abayikoze.

ICG ivuga ko amatora yo muri Nigeria naramuka ajemo igitotsi bizarakaza  cyane cyane abatuye mu kigobe Niger Delta basanzwe bashinja Guverinoma kutabaha ku mafaranga aturuka ku icukurwa rya petelori.

Amafaranga Leta ivuga muri iyo mari ngo ntiyubakisha ibikorwa remezo rubanda ikeneye.

Abatuye ibice binini bya Nigeria kandi bashinja Buhari na Leta ye kumungwa na ruswa, gutuma ubukungu bugwa, kuzamuka k’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko, gushyira ubutegetsi mu bantu bamwe n’amagara macye kuri Buhari ubwe.

Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Kongo

Aha ibintu biracungirwa hafi kuko ibizava mu matora biteye inkeke benshi kuko ngo bishobora guteza imidugararo ikomeye mu gihugu. Impungenge zirashingirwa ku mwuka mubi wabanjirije amatora no gutinda gutangaza ibyayavuyemo.

Kuri iki cyumweru abashyigikiye umukandidaEmmanuel Ramazhani Shaddary wifuzwa na Perezida uriho bavuze ko ari we watsinze, abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika muri Congo, isanzwe igaragaza kudashyigikira Kabila, nabo bavuze ko bazi uwatsinze amatora.

Bigaragaza ko impande zombi zishobora kutazemenya kuwo Komisiyo y’igihugu yigenga y’amatora izatangaza. Ibi bikazamura impungenge z’umutekano n’amahoro Komisiyo nivuga ibyavuye mu matora.

Ibirwa bya Comoros

Ibirwa bya Comoros nabyo ngo bishobora kuzakamo akaga muri uyu mwaka. Impamvu ni uko Perezida w’ibi birwa aherutse gusaba ko habaho kamarampaka yemeza ko iby’uko buri kirwa muri bitatu bigize kiriya gihugu cyajya gitanga umukandida ku mwanya w’Umukuru w’igihugu bivaho.

Ibi kandi byaremejwe.

Perezida  Azali Assoumani kandi arateganya kwihutisha amatora y’Umukuru w’igihugu kugira ngo bizamufashe kuguma ku butegetsi kugeza muri 2021.

Muri uyu mwaka nibwo yagombaga kuzava ku butegetsi nk’uko Itegeko nshinga ryabivugaga kugeza ejo bundi ubwo ryahindurwaga.

Hari bamwe kandi mu batavuga rumwe n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi bahunze igihugu barimo abakomeye.

Ubundi ibirwa bya Comoros bigizwe n’ibirwa bitatu aribyo Grande Comore, Mohéli na Anjouan.

Muri Ukwakira, 2018 Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Africa yunze ubumwe  Moussa Faki Mahamat yanenze Guverinoma ya Comoros kuba yarahagaritse ibiganiro hagati y’inzego za Politiki muri Nzeri, 2018.

Icyo gihe byari biyobowe n’intumwa idasanzwe ya AU yitwa Ramtane Lamamra.

Mahamat yavuze ko AU ihanganyikishijwe n’uko ibintu biteye muri Comoros kandi ko ikibazo cyayo kiri ku murongo w’ibizigwaho mu nama y’uyu muryango izaba muri Mutarama, 2019.

Sudani y’epfo

Nubwo impande zitavuga rumwe muri Sudani y’epfo zigiye kuzuza amezi ane(4) zisinye amasezerano y’amahoro, ibiyakubiyemo byashyizwe mu bikorwa ni mbarwa.

Igiteye inkeke ni uko hari imitwe ifite intwaro kandi yigaruriye ibice binini bya kiriya gihugu itarasinye ariya masezerano.

ICG ivuga ko uko bigaragara ariya masezerano yashimishije impande za Kirr na Machar ndetse n’abakuru b’ibihugu byababereye abahuza ari bo Museveni na Omar Al Bashir.

Gusa kuba hakiri urwikekwe hagati ya bariya bagabo bombi kandi ariya masezerano akaba ateganya amatora y’Umukuru w’igihugu muri 2022, hari abavuga ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo mu buryo burambye ari ikintu abantu bagomba gutegerezanya ubwitonzi bwinshi.

Hari n’abavuga ko ashobora kudashyirwa mu bikorwa uko ari bigasubiza ibintu irudubi.

Igiteye inkeke kurushaho ngo ni uguhuza ingabo zo ku mpande zari zihanganye, zikabana mu murwa mukuru Juba.

Abatera nkunga kandi ngo muri iki gihe birinze kurekura amafaranga yabo batarabona neza aho ibintu bigana.

Sudani

Muri iki gihugu ngo icyatangiye ari ikibazo cy’umugati uhenze cyahindutse ikibazo cy’ubutegetsi bwa Omar Al Bashir abaturage badashaka.  Uyu mugabo ubu ngo nibwo ahuye n’ikibazo gikomereye ubutegetsi bwe mu myaka 30 ayobora.

Abasesengura bavuga ko bishoboka cyane ko Bashir azagera agakoresha ingufu za gisirikare kugira ngo ace intege abashaka ko ava ku butegetsi.

Ibi babishingira ku ngingo y’uko ngo atapfa kuva ku butegetsi kandi azi neza ko hari impapuro mpuzamahanga zo kumuta muri yombi kubera ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu ashinjwa gukora muri Darfur.

Somalia

Muri gihugu nacyo ngo ishyamba si ryeru. Ubutegetsi bw’i Mogadishu, cyane cyane Inteko ishinga amategeko n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga, bushinja ibihugu bya Ethiopia na Eritrea gushaka kwivanga mu miyoborere yacyo.

Ikindi kandi ngo UN ishaka kwivanga mu bibazo bya Somalia. Ibi biherutse kuba intandaro yo kwirukana uwari uhagarariye UN muri kiriya gihugu ariwe Nicholas Haysom.

Haysom ahurutse kwandikira Minisitiri w’umutekano mu gihugu anenga ifatwa n’ifungwa rya  Mukhtar Robow wahoze ari umuyobozi wa Al Shabaab.

Ikindi giteye impungenge ni uko uyu mwuka mubi hagati y’izi mpande zombi ushobora gukoma mu nkokora itangwa ry’amafaranga UN yageneraga ingabo zayo ziri muri Somalia mu kugarura amahoro mu bice byazambijwe na Al Shaabab.

Uyu mutwe wa Al Shabaab  ukomeje kuba ikibazo cy’umutekano muri kiriya gihugu guheruka amahoro asesuye mu myaka ya 1990.

Hari raporo y’ikigo cya UN kitwa  UN Monitoring Group iherutse kuvuga ko na Islamic State ifite ibirindiro muri Somalia no muri Iraq kandi ngo izarushaho kuhakorera urugomo muri uyu mwaka cyane cyane mu gushimita amato aca mu Nyanja y’Abahinde.

The East African

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